Mohamed Nur Adam, Haji Mohamud Rahma Yusuf, Hilowle Fadumo Hussein, Ali Tigad Abdisad, Mohamed Yusuf Abdirisak, Gabow Adan Ali, Mohamed Hawa Nuradin, Sidow Nor Osman, Hassan Mohamed Sheikh, Waberi Mohamud Mire
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mogadishu Somali-Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2025 Jun 15;18:1949-1965. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S533810. eCollection 2025.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health crisis, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. Poor sleep quality-often under-recognized-impairs glycemic control and accelerates diabetes-related complications. Despite its clinical relevance, data on sleep quality among T2DM patients in Somalia are virtually nonexistent. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality among T2DM patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025 at Mogadishu Somali-Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital. A total of 311 adults with T2DM were selected using systematic sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and validated instruments including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify variables independently associated with suboptimal sleep quality.
Overall, 54.0% of participants reported poor sleep quality (95% CI: 48.3-59.7). Multivariable analysis identified several significant predictors, including female gender, unemployment, low income, substance use, physical inactivity, and depressive symptoms. Clinical factors such as comorbidities, poor glycemic control, and diabetes-related complications were also independently associated with suboptimal sleep quality.
Over half of T2DM patients in Mogadishu experience poor sleep quality, influenced by sociodemographic, behavioral, psychological, and clinical factors. The findings highlight the need to incorporate sleep evaluation and targeted interventions-focusing on mental health, lifestyle, and metabolic control-into routine diabetes care.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一个日益严重的全球健康危机，影响着全球数亿人。睡眠质量差——往往未得到充分认识——会损害血糖控制并加速糖尿病相关并发症的发生。尽管其具有临床相关性，但索马里T2DM患者睡眠质量的数据几乎不存在。本研究旨在评估索马里摩加迪沙T2DM患者睡眠质量差的患病率及其决定因素。
2024年11月至2025年1月在摩加迪沙索马里-土耳其雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安培训与研究医院进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。采用系统抽样法共选取了311名成年T2DM患者。使用结构化问卷和经过验证的工具收集数据，包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）和奥斯陆社会支持量表（OSSS-3）。采用逻辑回归分析来确定与睡眠质量欠佳独立相关的变量。
总体而言，54.0%的参与者报告睡眠质量差（95%可信区间：48.3-59.7）。多变量分析确定了几个显著的预测因素，包括女性、失业、低收入、物质使用、身体活动不足和抑郁症状。合并症、血糖控制不佳和糖尿病相关并发症等临床因素也与睡眠质量欠佳独立相关。
摩加迪沙超过一半的T2DM患者睡眠质量差，这受到社会人口统计学、行为、心理和临床因素的影响。研究结果强调需要将睡眠评估和针对性干预措施——关注心理健康、生活方式和代谢控制——纳入常规糖尿病护理中。
