Wagner Stephan, Meyer Andreas J
INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Römerstraße 164, D-53117, Bonn, Germany.
J Plant Physiol. 2025 Aug;311:154498. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154498. Epub 2025 Apr 17.
The metabolic flexibility of plants enables them to cope particularly well with changing environmental conditions. This flexibility is achieved by cellular processes that require tight coordination in space and time and constant balancing to maximise plant fitness. If we want to identify crops with higher yields and improved resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, then we need to unravel these metabolic processes experimentally, and genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs) seem ideal for this. They allow non-invasive monitoring of metabolic processes in living cells over time and with high spatial and temporal resolution. The list of sensors and sensor variants that have been developed or established in plants continues to grow, providing insights into more and more parameters of plant metabolism. This, together with technological advances, also facilitates paraplexing and multiplexing experiments, where several processes are monitored simultaneously by GEBs. Despite these advantages, GEBs need to be used carefully and users must fully understand their characteristics in the chosen experimental plant system in order to draw meaningful conclusions from the spectroscopic changes of a sensor. Here, we aim to provide a list of fluorescent GEBs that can be selected for in planta use and highlight recent biological insights gained from them, focusing on advances where multiple GEBs have been used. We also discuss criteria for selecting an appropriate sensor and aspects of the field that remain challenging, in the hope of helping plant scientists to generate and interpret plant metabolism data using GEBs in a meaningful way.
植物的代谢灵活性使其能够特别好地应对不断变化的环境条件。这种灵活性是通过细胞过程实现的，这些过程需要在空间和时间上紧密协调并持续平衡，以最大化植物的适应性。如果我们想鉴定出产量更高、对非生物和生物胁迫抗性更强的作物，那么我们需要通过实验来揭示这些代谢过程，而基因编码生物传感器（GEB）似乎是实现这一目标的理想选择。它们能够对活细胞中的代谢过程进行非侵入性的长期监测，并且具有高空间和时间分辨率。已在植物中开发或建立的传感器及传感器变体的清单不断增加，这使我们能够深入了解越来越多的植物代谢参数。这一点，再加上技术进步，也促进了多参数和多重实验，即通过基因编码生物传感器同时监测多个过程。尽管有这些优点，但使用基因编码生物传感器时仍需谨慎，用户必须充分了解其在所选实验植物系统中的特性，以便从传感器的光谱变化中得出有意义的结论。在此，我们旨在提供一份可供在植物体内使用的荧光基因编码生物传感器清单，并突出从它们中获得的最新生物学见解，重点关注使用多个基因编码生物传感器的进展。我们还讨论了选择合适传感器的标准以及该领域仍具有挑战性的方面，希望能帮助植物科学家以有意义的方式利用基因编码生物传感器生成和解释植物代谢数据。
