Yan Jiaqian, Liu Bailiang, Jia Boyue, Zhu Ke, Wu Zelong, Tan Haihong, Morawska Lidia, Wang Lina, Chen Jianmin
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth of Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Oct 1;382:126714. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126714. Epub 2025 Jun 20.
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers, primarily through airborne exposure. Unlike settling dust, air conditioning filters can effectively capture suspended particles and are an important source of indoor pollutants. This study analyzed 94 air-conditioning filter samples collected from five room types: bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, mahjong rooms, and cloakrooms, across summer, autumn, and winter in 12 major Chinese cities. Using target LC-MS/MS combined with custom database, 22 PAEs were identified, and the detection rate of 19 PAEs was 100 %. Principal component analysis showed that season had more influence on the distribution of indoor PAEs than room type, and there were obvious differences between summer and winter samples. Among PAEs, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) dominates (44.28 %-96.22 %), and the toxic metabolites it generates through lipase activity cause serious health problems. The chemical composition analysis showed that the DBE value of 81.82 % PAEs was 6, the H/C value of 45.45 % PAEs was 1.35-1.65, and the O/C value was 0.15-0.25, including several PAEs with the highest peak force ratio. This finding suggests that many PAEs have similar properties and may have similar chemical behavior. Correlation analysis showed that there was more positive correlation among PAEs, and the correlation increased in autumn. Spatial-temporal analysis revealed that peak PAE intensities varied significantly, by over 15-fold geographically and 1.53-fold seasonally. These findings underscore the pronounced spatial and temporal variability in PAE concentrations, highlighting the complexity of exposure patterns across different environments and time frames.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）常用作增塑剂，主要通过空气传播暴露。与沉降灰尘不同，空调滤网能有效捕获悬浮颗粒，是室内污染物的重要来源。本研究分析了2012年夏季、秋季和冬季从中国12个主要城市的卧室、客厅、厨房、麻将室和衣帽间5种房间类型收集的94个空调滤网样本。采用目标液相色谱 - 串联质谱联用定制数据库，鉴定出22种PAEs，其中19种PAEs的检出率为100%。主成分分析表明，季节对室内PAEs分布的影响大于房间类型，夏季和冬季样本之间存在明显差异。在PAEs中，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）占主导（44.28% - 96.22%），其通过脂肪酶活性产生的有毒代谢产物会引发严重健康问题。化学成分分析表明，81.82%的PAEs的DBE值为6，45.45%的PAEs的H/C值为1.35 - 1.65，O/C值为0.15 - 0.25，包括几种具有最高峰力比的PAEs。这一发现表明许多PAEs具有相似性质，可能具有相似的化学行为。相关性分析表明，PAEs之间正相关性更强，秋季相关性增加。时空分析显示，PAE强度峰值变化显著，地理上超过15倍，季节上为1.53倍。这些发现强调了PAE浓度在空间和时间上的显著变异性，突出了不同环境和时间框架下暴露模式的复杂性。
