Tran Tuyet Nhung, Ho Quang Tien, Nguyen Nhat Tan, Nguyen Thao Vy, Bui Anh Vo, Dang Van-Son, Truong Dieu-Hien, Nguyen Hoang Chinh, Barrow Colin J
Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.
Institute of Tropical Biology Vietnam Academy Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jun 19;13(6):e70457. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70457. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Peanut shells, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, are rich in flavonoid compounds with a range of bioactivities. This study aimed to develop an efficient extraction and fractionation process to enhance the recovery and in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activities of these compounds from peanut shells cultivated in Vietnam. Peanut shell samples were subjected to maceration with ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning (LLP) and column chromatography (CC) using a hexane and ethyl acetate solvent system at varying ratios. This process yielded a crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its fractions: chloroform (CHF), petroleum ether (PEF), ethyl acetate (EAF), acetone (ACF), and eluted fractions (F1-F4). The developed extraction and fractionation significantly enhanced the total flavonoid content (TFC), from 65.49 mg QE/g in CEE to 759.80 mg QE/g in fraction F2, and quercetin content from 13.46 μg/g (CEE) to 292.38 μg/g (fraction F2). The CEE and its fractions were evaluated for antioxidant activity using a DPPH radical scavenging and AChE inhibitory activity. A strong positive correlation was observed between the TFC and both bioactivities, with activity ranked as follows: F2 > EAF > F3 > F1 > F4 > CHF > PEF > CEE > ACF. Among these samples, fraction F2 demonstrated the highest bioactivities, with IC values of 16.00 μg/mL for DPPH scavenging and 47.22 μg/mL for AChE inhibition. These findings suggest that the developed systematic extraction and fractionation process, employing maceration, LLP, and gradient elution CC, is a promising method for the efficient isolation of flavonoid-enriched fractions from peanut shells, with the resulting fractions exhibiting both antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities.
花生壳是花生加工业的副产品，富含具有多种生物活性的黄酮类化合物。本研究旨在开发一种高效的提取和分离工艺，以提高从越南种植的花生壳中回收这些化合物以及它们的体外抗氧化和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制活性。花生壳样品用乙醇进行浸渍，然后使用不同比例的己烷和乙酸乙酯溶剂系统进行液-液分配（LLP）和柱色谱（CC）。该工艺得到了粗乙醇提取物（CEE）及其馏分：氯仿（CHF）、石油醚（PEF）、乙酸乙酯（EAF）、丙酮（ACF）和洗脱馏分（F1-F4）。所开发的提取和分离方法显著提高了总黄酮含量（TFC），从CEE中的65.49 mg QE/g提高到馏分F2中的759.80 mg QE/g，槲皮素含量从13.46 μg/g（CEE）提高到292.38 μg/g（馏分F2）。使用DPPH自由基清除法和AChE抑制活性对CEE及其馏分的抗氧化活性进行了评估。观察到TFC与两种生物活性之间存在强正相关，活性排序如下：F2 > EAF > F3 > F1 > F4 > CHF > PEF > CEE > ACF。在这些样品中，馏分F2表现出最高的生物活性，DPPH清除的IC值为16.00 μg/mL，AChE抑制的IC值为47.22 μg/mL。这些发现表明，所开发的采用浸渍、LLP和梯度洗脱CC的系统提取和分离工艺是一种从花生壳中高效分离富含黄酮馏分的有前景的方法，所得馏分具有抗氧化和AChE抑制活性。
