Macroporous C@MoS composite as anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising energy storage devices and substitutes for lithium-ion batteries in the near future, and their anode materials play crucial roles in their electrochemical performance. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has attracted significant attention as an SIB anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity (670 mA h g) and 2D structure with a large layer space (0.65 nm 0.33 nm of graphite). In this work, 3D polystyrene (PS) microspheres were adopted as sacrificial templates to construct a hierarchical macroporous C@MoS composite, which has rarely been reported for SIB anodes. This unique design synergistically integrated conductive macroporous carbon networks with 2D-layered MoS, enabling super Na storage capability and unprecedented cycling stability in SIBs. In particular, a capacity of 438 mA h g after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g and a capacity of 319.4 mA h g after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g were achieved owing to its unique macroporous structure. Furthermore, the high electronic conductivity, large surface area, and rich Na diffusion channels all benefit for its super capacity and stability.