One-Year Prognostic Differences and Management Strategies between ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Insights from the PRAISE Registry.

INTRODUCTION

Whether ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) carry distinct prognoses after discharge remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to compare 1-year clinical outcomes between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI in a large, real-world cohort.

METHODS

Among 23,270 patients with acute coronary syndrome enrolled in the international PRAISE registry between 2003 and 2019, we included 21,789 patients with a diagnosis of either STEMI or NSTEMI. Clinical characteristics, discharge medications, and outcomes at 1 year were analyzed. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, re-infarction, and major bleeding. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to adjust for confounding. Subgroup and interaction analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

The cohort included 12,365 patients with STEMI and 9424 patients with NSTEMI. At baseline, patients with NSTEMI had more comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors (except diabetes), and prior revascularization. Patients with STEMI were more frequently treated with statins, beta-blockers, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors at discharge. At 1-year follow-up, overall outcomes were comparable between groups. Nonfatal reinfarction occurred more frequently in patients with NSTEMI (3.4% versus 2.8%, p = 0.022), but this association was not significant after adjustment (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-1.24, p = 0.519). Results from propensity score-matched analyses confirmed the absence of prognostic differences. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions for diabetes mellitus and completeness of revascularization.

CONCLUSIONS

After accounting for clinical and therapeutic variables, 1-year outcomes were largely similar in patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Differences in reinfarction risk appear to be driven by baseline characteristics and treatment patterns, rather than infarct type itself.