Zhang Shuxuan, Sun Xinyue, Yang Xuewa, Fan Yulan, Liang Yuxin, Li Jiaying, Ling Jue
Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Healthcare Department, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 10;16:1622508. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1622508. eCollection 2025.
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has emerged as a critical clinical challenge due to its high disability rate and socioeconomic burden. Traditional autologous nerve grafting, limited by donor shortages and risks of secondary surgeries, has driven tissue-engineered nerve conduits to become a research hotspot. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in immunomodulatory nerve conduits, focusing on the biological properties, degradation mechanisms, and pivotal roles of natural materials (e.g., collagen, chitosan, silk fibroin) and synthetic materials (e.g., poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) in regulating macrophage polarization. The potential of composite materials to synergistically optimize mechanical performance and bioactivity of nerve conduits is also discussed. Furthermore, this review envisions future trends in nerve conduits, including the integration of 4D printing, smart-responsive systems, and personalized designs to overcome current therapeutic limitations. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives from materials science, immunology, and regenerative medicine, this review aims to provide innovative theoretical frameworks and technical pathways for efficiently repairing PNI, advancing clinical translation.
周围神经损伤（PNI）因其高致残率和社会经济负担已成为一项严峻的临床挑战。传统的自体神经移植受限于供体短缺和二次手术风险，促使组织工程神经导管成为研究热点。本综述系统总结了免疫调节神经导管的最新进展，重点关注天然材料（如胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、丝素蛋白）和合成材料（如聚乳酸 - 乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）、聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己内酯（PCL））在调节巨噬细胞极化方面的生物学特性、降解机制及关键作用。还讨论了复合材料协同优化神经导管机械性能和生物活性的潜力。此外，本综述展望了神经导管的未来趋势，包括整合4D打印、智能响应系统和个性化设计以克服当前治疗局限性。通过整合材料科学、免疫学和再生医学的多学科观点，本综述旨在为有效修复周围神经损伤、推进临床转化提供创新的理论框架和技术途径。
