Kamogashira Teru, Yamasoba Tatsuya, Kikuta Shu, Kondo Kenji
Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-8798, Japan.
Clocks Sleep. 2025 May 31;7(2):28. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep7020028.
Measurement of respiratory patterns during sleep plays a critical role in assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders such as sleep apnea syndrome, which is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairments. Traditional methods for measuring breathing often rely on expensive and complex sensors, such as polysomnography equipment, which can be cumbersome and costly and are typically confined to clinical settings. These factors limit the performance of respiratory monitoring in routine settings and prevent convenient and extensive screening. Recognizing the need for accessible and cost-effective solutions, we developed a portable sleep sensor that uses an electret condenser microphone (ECM), which is inexpensive and easy to obtain, to measure nasal airflows. Constant current circuits that bias the ECM and circuit constants suitable for measurement enable special uses of the ECM. Furthermore, data transmission through the XBee wireless communication module, which employs the ZigBee short-range wireless communication standard, enables highly portable measurements. This customized configuration allows the ECM to detect subtle changes in airflow associated with breathing patterns, enabling the monitoring of respiratory activity with minimal invasiveness and complexity. Furthermore, the wireless module not only reduces the size and weight of the device, but also facilitates continuous data collection during sleep without disturbing user comfort. This portable wireless sensor runs on batteries, providing approximately 50 h of uptime, a ±50 Pa pressure range, and 20 Hz real-time sampling. Our portable sleep sensor is a practical and efficient solution for respiratory monitoring outside of the traditional clinical setting.
睡眠期间呼吸模式的测量在评估睡眠质量和诊断睡眠障碍（如睡眠呼吸暂停综合征）中起着关键作用，睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与许多不良健康后果相关，包括心血管疾病、糖尿病和认知障碍。传统的呼吸测量方法通常依赖于昂贵且复杂的传感器，如多导睡眠图设备，这些设备可能笨重且成本高昂，通常仅限于临床环境。这些因素限制了常规环境中呼吸监测的性能，阻碍了便捷和广泛的筛查。认识到需要可及且经济高效的解决方案，我们开发了一种便携式睡眠传感器，该传感器使用驻极体电容式麦克风（ECM）来测量鼻气流，驻极体电容式麦克风价格低廉且易于获取。为驻极体电容式麦克风提供偏置的恒流电路以及适合测量的电路常数实现了驻极体电容式麦克风的特殊用途。此外，通过采用ZigBee短程无线通信标准的XBee无线通信模块进行数据传输，实现了高度便携的测量。这种定制配置使驻极体电容式麦克风能够检测与呼吸模式相关的气流细微变化，从而以最小的侵入性和复杂度监测呼吸活动。此外，无线模块不仅减小了设备的尺寸和重量，还便于在睡眠期间连续收集数据而不影响用户舒适度。这种便携式无线传感器由电池供电，提供约50小时的运行时间、±50 Pa的压力范围和20 Hz的实时采样。我们的便携式睡眠传感器是传统临床环境之外进行呼吸监测的实用且高效的解决方案。
