Tosoratto Javier, Tárraga López Pedro Juan, López-González Ángel Arturo, Paublini Oliveira Hernán, Busquets-Cortés Carla, Ramirez-Manent José Ignacio
Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine, UCLM (University of Castilla La Mancha), 02008 Albacete, Spain.
Diseases. 2025 Jun 18;13(6):188. doi: 10.3390/diseases13060188.
Atherosclerosis is the histopathological lesion underlying most cardiovascular diseases. Several scales assess the risk of developing atherosclerosis, with the most recognized being atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and atherogenic indices (AIs). The aim of this study is to assess the associations between shift work, sociodemographic variables, and lifestyle with atherogenic risk, as determined by atherogenic indices, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the lipid triad. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 53,053 workers (28,808 shift workers and 24,245 non-shift workers) from various autonomous communities in Spain and multiple occupational sectors. The association between sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status, health habits including tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity (PA), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and shift work with the presence of AD and high values of three AIs (Cholesterol/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, and Triglycerides/HDL-c) were assessed. All variables analyzed were associated with AD and AIs values. Among the variables, the strongest associations were observed for physical activity, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 7.70 (95% CI: 6.86-8.55) for high LDL-c/HDL-c to 14.10 (95% CI: 9.05-14.16) for AD; adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with ORs ranging from 1.98 (95% CI: 1.60-2.37) for high LDL-c/HDL-c to 5.89 (95% CI: 4.92-6.86) for AD; and age, with ORs of 2.11 (95% CI: 1.84-2.38) for high Triglycerides/HDL-c and 4.66 (95% CI: 4.04-5.28) for high Total Cholesterol/HDL-c. The profile of a worker with the highest atherogenic risk in our study is a male, older in age, with low socioeconomic status, a smoker, a habitual alcohol consumer, physically inactive, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and engaged in shift work.
动脉粥样硬化是大多数心血管疾病的组织病理学病变。有几种量表用于评估动脉粥样硬化的发病风险，其中最广为人知的是致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常（AD）和致动脉粥样硬化指数（AIs）。本研究旨在评估轮班工作、社会人口统计学变量和生活方式与致动脉粥样硬化风险之间的关联，致动脉粥样硬化风险由致动脉粥样硬化指数、致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常和血脂三联征来确定。这是一项描述性横断面研究，涉及来自西班牙不同自治区和多个职业部门的53053名工人（28808名轮班工人和24245名非轮班工人）。评估了年龄、性别和社会经济地位等社会人口统计学变量、包括吸烟和饮酒在内的健康习惯、身体活动（PA）、对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性以及轮班工作与AD的存在和三个AIs（胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）高值之间的关联。所有分析的变量都与AD和AIs值相关。在这些变量中，观察到身体活动的关联最强，高LDL-c/HDL-c的比值比（ORs）为7.70（95%CI：6.86-8.55），AD为14.10（95%CI：9.05-14.16）；对地中海饮食的依从性，高LDL-c/HDL-c的ORs为1.98（95%CI：1.60-2.37），AD为5.89（95%CI：4.92-6.86）；年龄，高甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的ORs为2.11（95%CI：1.84-2.38），高总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的ORs为4.66（95%CI：4.04-5.28）。在我们的研究中，致动脉粥样硬化风险最高的工人特征是男性、年龄较大、社会经济地位低、吸烟者、经常饮酒者、身体不活动、对地中海饮食依从性低且从事轮班工作。
