Viteri Luis O, González Maria José, Silva Pedro B, Gomes Jonatas M, Svacina Thiago, Costa Lara T M, Valarezo Eduardo, Mantilla-Afanador Javier G, Herrera Osmany M, Aguiar Raimundo W S, Santos Gil R, Oliveira Eugênio E
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
J Xenobiot. 2025 Jun 12;15(3):91. doi: 10.3390/jox15030091.
Cowpea, sp., is an important, low-cost protein source in subtropical and semi-arid regions, where seasonal rainfall makes storage necessary. However, the weevils and cause significant grain losses during storage. While synthetic fumigants are commonly used to control these pests, their risks to mammals have prompted the search for safer alternatives. In this context, we tested palo santo, , essential oil with limonene, -phellandrene, -cymene and -phellandrene, menthofuran, and germacrene-D as a sustainable approach. This plant is readily accessible, produces high fruit yields, and is used in households for various purposes. We evaluated the fumigant toxicity, repellency, and ovicidal effects of essential oil on both species. Our results showed that oil was toxic to (LC = 80.90 [76.91-85.10] µL) and (LC = 63.9 [60.95-66.99] µL), with being more susceptible (SR = 1.27). Molecular docking analyses revealed that all the oil's compounds bind to both the GABA and octopamine receptors, exhibiting high energy affinities; however, germacrene shows the strongest affinity in these receptors. was strongly repelled at all concentrations, while was repelled only at lethal concentrations. No ovicidal effect was observed in either species. In conclusion, our findings suggest that essential oil is a promising and sustainable protectant for stored cowpeas in small-scale storage units.
豇豆（Vigna unguiculata sp.）是亚热带和半干旱地区重要的低成本蛋白质来源，这些地区的季节性降雨使得储存成为必要。然而，象鼻虫会在储存期间造成大量谷物损失。虽然合成熏蒸剂通常用于控制这些害虫，但它们对哺乳动物的风险促使人们寻找更安全的替代品。在这种背景下，我们测试了柠檬桉（Corymbia citriodora）精油作为一种可持续的方法，该精油含有柠檬烯、α-水芹烯、对异丙基甲苯和β-水芹烯、薄荷呋喃以及杜松烯-D。这种植物容易获取，果实产量高，并且在家庭中有多种用途。我们评估了柠檬桉精油对两种象鼻虫物种的熏蒸毒性、驱避性和杀卵效果。我们的结果表明，该精油对米象（Sitophilus oryzae）（LC₅₀ = 80.90 [76.91 - 85.10] μL）和谷蠹（Rhyzopertha dominica）（LC₅₀ = 63.9 [60.95 - 66.99] μL）有毒，米象更敏感（SR = 1.27）。分子对接分析表明，该精油的所有化合物都与γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和章鱼胺受体结合，表现出高能量亲和力；然而，杜松烯在这些受体中显示出最强的亲和力。米象在所有浓度下都受到强烈驱避，而谷蠹仅在致死浓度下受到驱避。在这两个物种中均未观察到杀卵效果。总之，我们的研究结果表明，柠檬桉精油是小规模储存单元中储存豇豆的一种有前景的可持续保护剂。
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