Vohl Sabina, Ban Irena, Stergar Janja, Slemnik Mojca
University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jun 13;15(12):921. doi: 10.3390/nano15120921.
Magnetic zeolite nanocomposites (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of hybrid materials that combine the high surface area, porosity, and ion exchange capacity of zeolites with the magnetic properties of nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide-based nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications of magnetic zeolite NCs. We begin by introducing the fundamental properties of zeolites and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), highlighting their synergistic integration into multifunctional composites. The structural features of various zeolite frameworks and their influence on composite performance are discussed, along with different interaction modes between MNPs and zeolite matrices. The evolution of research on magnetic zeolite NCs is traced chronologically from its early stages in the 1990s to current advancements. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and sonochemical approaches are systematically compared, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Key characterization techniques-including X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Nitrogen Adsorption/Desorption (BET analysis), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Zeta potential analysis, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-are described, with attention to the specific insights they provide into the physicochemical, magnetic, and structural properties of the NCs. Finally, the review explores current and potential applications of these materials in environmental and biomedical fields, focusing on adsorption, catalysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, ion exchange, and polymer modification. This article aims to provide a foundation for future research directions and inspire innovative applications of magnetic zeolite NCs.
磁性沸石纳米复合材料（NCs）已成为一类很有前景的混合材料，它将沸石的高比表面积、孔隙率和离子交换能力与纳米颗粒（NPs）的磁性特性相结合，特别是基于氧化铁的纳米材料。本文综述全面概述了磁性沸石NCs的合成、表征及各种应用。我们首先介绍沸石和磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）的基本特性，强调它们协同整合到多功能复合材料中的情况。讨论了各种沸石骨架的结构特征及其对复合材料性能的影响，以及MNPs与沸石基质之间的不同相互作用模式。按时间顺序追溯了磁性沸石NCs从20世纪90年代早期到当前进展的研究历程。系统比较了共沉淀、溶胶 - 凝胶、水热、微波辅助和声化学等合成方法，强调了它们的优缺点。介绍了关键表征技术，包括X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描和透射电子显微镜（SEM、TEM）、热重分析（TGA）、氮吸附/脱附（BET分析）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）、zeta电位分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP - OES）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS），并关注它们对NCs的物理化学、磁性和结构性质提供的具体见解。最后，本文综述探讨了这些材料在环境和生物医学领域的当前及潜在应用，重点是吸附、催化、磁共振成像（MRI）、药物递送、离子交换和聚合物改性。本文旨在为未来的研究方向提供基础，并激发磁性沸石NCs的创新应用。
