Moustakli Efthalia, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Katopodis Periklis, Dafopoulos Stefanos, Paraschos Vasilis Sebastian, Zachariou Athanasios, Dafopoulos Konstantinos
Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Metabolites. 2025 Jun 8;15(6):379. doi: 10.3390/metabo15060379.
Infertility in both men and women can be significantly influenced by oxidative stress (OS), which occurs due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses. In women, OS disrupts oocyte maturation, implantation, and the viability of the embryo; in men, it impairs sperm quality, reduces motility, and damages DNA integrity. This review explores existing research on how dietary and lifestyle interventions can reduce OS and enhance reproductive health outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive review of clinical, translational, and molecular studies exploring the mechanisms by which OS affects fertility, as well as the efficacy of nutritional and behavioral strategies. The interventions evaluated include weight management, regular exercise, micronutrient supplementation, antioxidant-rich diets, smoking and alcohol cessation, and stress-reduction techniques. Specific dietary components such as zinc, selenium, vitamins C and E, and polyphenols have been found to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhance gamete function. OS is additionally reduced through lifestyle modifications, including minimizing harmful exposures, managing stress, and participating in moderate physical activity. Biomarkers such as ROS levels, total antioxidant capacity, 8-OHdG, and DNA fragmentation index are essential for assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Fertility in both sexes can be improved, and oxidative stress significantly reduced, through a multimodal approach incorporating dietary and lifestyle changes. There are encouraging opportunities to improve reproductive health through customized approaches that are informed by biomarker profiles. To incorporate these treatments into regular fertility care, future studies should concentrate on standardized procedures and long-term results.
男性和女性的不孕症都会受到氧化应激（OS）的显著影响，氧化应激是由于活性氧（ROS）与身体抗氧化防御之间的失衡而发生的。在女性中，氧化应激会破坏卵母细胞成熟、着床和胚胎的活力；在男性中，它会损害精子质量、降低活力并破坏DNA完整性。本综述探讨了关于饮食和生活方式干预如何降低氧化应激并改善生殖健康结果的现有研究。我们对临床、转化和分子研究进行了全面综述，这些研究探讨了氧化应激影响生育能力的机制以及营养和行为策略的功效。评估的干预措施包括体重管理、定期锻炼、补充微量营养素、富含抗氧化剂的饮食、戒烟戒酒以及减压技巧。已发现特定的饮食成分，如锌、硒、维生素C和E以及多酚，可中和活性氧（ROS）并增强配子功能。通过生活方式的改变，包括尽量减少有害暴露、管理压力和参与适度体育活动，氧化应激也会降低。ROS水平、总抗氧化能力、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）和DNA碎片化指数等生物标志物对于评估干预措施的有效性至关重要。通过结合饮食和生活方式改变的多模式方法，可以改善两性的生育能力并显著降低氧化应激。通过基于生物标志物谱的定制方法来改善生殖健康，存在令人鼓舞的机会。为了将这些治疗方法纳入常规生育护理中，未来的研究应集中在标准化程序和长期结果上。
