Yin Fengwei, Sun Xiaolong, Luo Xi, Zheng Weilong, Yin Longfei, Zhang Yingying, Fu Yongqian
Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
Mar Drugs. 2025 Jun 16;23(6):256. doi: 10.3390/md23060256.
Marine microbial-derived docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has garnered significant attention as a sustainable and health-promoting alternative to fish oil-derived DHA. However, its industrial production from marine heterotrophic microorganisms faces challenges related to high costs and suboptimal oil quality, which hinder its broader application. This review focuses on recent strategies aimed at achieving low-cost and high-quality marine microbial DHA production, emphasizing heterotrophic systems that dominate commercial supply. Key aspects include: Fermentation optimization using waste-derived feedstocks and bioprocess engineering to enhance DHA yields; Critical refining techniques-including degumming, neutralization, decolorization, and deodorization-are analyzed for improving DHA oil purity and quality, with emphasis on process optimization to adapt to the unique biochemical properties of microbial-derived oils. Additionally, strategies for oxidative stabilization, such as antioxidant protection, are discussed to extend the shelf life and preserve the nutritional value of marine microbial DHA oil. By integrating techno-economic and biochemical perspectives, this work outlines a holistic framework to guide the industrial optimization of marine microbial-sourced DHA oil production, addressing cost and quality challenges to facilitate its large-scale application as functional foods and nutraceuticals, thereby reducing reliance on marine resources and advancing sustainable omega-3 production.
海洋微生物来源的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）作为鱼油来源DHA的一种可持续且有益健康的替代品，已引起广泛关注。然而，从海洋异养微生物中工业化生产DHA面临着高成本和油质欠佳等挑战，这阻碍了其更广泛的应用。本综述聚焦于近期旨在实现低成本、高质量海洋微生物DHA生产的策略，重点关注主导商业供应的异养系统。关键方面包括：利用废弃物衍生原料进行发酵优化以及生物过程工程以提高DHA产量；分析了包括脱胶、中和、脱色和除臭在内的关键精炼技术，以提高DHA油的纯度和质量，重点是工艺优化以适应微生物衍生油独特的生化特性。此外，还讨论了氧化稳定化策略，如抗氧化保护，以延长海洋微生物DHA油的保质期并保持其营养价值。通过整合技术经济和生化观点，本研究勾勒出一个整体框架，以指导海洋微生物源DHA油生产的工业优化，应对成本和质量挑战，促进其作为功能性食品和营养保健品的大规模应用，从而减少对海洋资源的依赖并推动可持续的ω-3生产。
