Harris Alastair, Gabbett Tim J, King Rachel, Bird Stephen P, Terry Peter
AFC Bournemouth, Dorset BH7 7AF, UK.
School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich 4305, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2025 May 31;13(6):176. doi: 10.3390/sports13060176.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between acute and chronic loads, and the fatigue response within male elite professional football players.
40-week longitudinal study across the 2021-2022 season in the English Championship.
Twenty-three outfield football players had workload measured using global positioning system (Distance, High-Intensity Distance and Sprint Distance) and perceived exertion. Load-response was measured via a perceived wellbeing questionnaire, counter-movement jump (CMJ) and salivary immunoglobulin A.
General estimating equation models identified 18 significant interactions between workload and load-response markers. Thirteen significant interactions were found between acute and chronic workloads and CMJ variables, jump height, eccentric duration and flight contraction time. A poor CMJ was observed when acute sprint workload was >+1 standard deviation and chronic distance increased. However, when chronic perceived exertion increased, and acute sprint workload was >+1 standard deviation an advantageous response was detected on counter movement jump variables. The S-IgA response to acute and chronic workload was more variable; when chronic loads were >+1 standard deviation above mean values and acute workload increased, salivary immunoglobulin A was both suppressed and elevated depending on the interacting acute variable. Higher chronic workload was associated with better perceived wellbeing, even when acute workload was >+1 standard deviation above the mean.
In general, low chronic workloads and acute spikes in workload were associated with poorer neuromuscular and immune function. Furthermore, CMJ performance and perceived wellbeing improved when chronic workloads were higher, despite the occurrence of acute spikes in workload.
本研究旨在调查男性精英职业足球运动员急性负荷与慢性负荷之间的关系以及疲劳反应。
在2021-2022赛季英冠联赛中进行为期40周的纵向研究。
23名非守门员足球运动员的工作量通过全球定位系统（距离、高强度距离和冲刺距离）和主观用力程度来衡量。负荷反应通过主观幸福感问卷、反向移动跳（CMJ）和唾液免疫球蛋白A来测量。
广义估计方程模型确定了工作量与负荷反应指标之间有18个显著的相互作用。在急性和慢性工作量与CMJ变量、跳跃高度、离心持续时间和飞行收缩时间之间发现了13个显著的相互作用。当急性冲刺工作量>+1标准差且慢性距离增加时，观察到CMJ较差。然而，当慢性主观用力程度增加且急性冲刺工作量>+1标准差时，在反向移动跳变量上检测到有利反应。S-IgA对急性和慢性工作量的反应更具变异性；当慢性负荷高于平均值>+1标准差且急性工作量增加时，唾液免疫球蛋白A根据相互作用的急性变量既被抑制又被升高。即使急性工作量高于平均值>+1标准差，较高的慢性工作量也与更好的主观幸福感相关。
一般来说，低慢性工作量和工作量的急性峰值与较差的神经肌肉和免疫功能相关。此外，尽管出现工作量的急性峰值，但当慢性工作量较高时，CMJ表现和主观幸福感会得到改善。
