Haidy Massa Mohamed, Ould Lemrabott Mohamed Aly, Abdillahi Guedi Osman, Briolant Sébastien, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary Ali
Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux (GEMI), Université de Nouakchott, Nouveau Campus Universitaire, Nouakchott BP 5026, Mauritania.
Département des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Faculté de Lettres, Langues et Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Université de Djibouti, Campus de Balbala, Croisement RN2-RN5, Djibouti 1904, Djibouti.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2025 May 23;10(6):147. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10060147.
, the main urban vector of dengue fever, represents a growing public health problem in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. Identifying the factors influencing the distribution and productivity of its breeding sites is essential for the development of effective control strategies. From May 2023 to April 2024, physico-chemical characteristics were recorded and mosquito larvae were collected, using a standard dipping method, from 60 water collections each month during the dry season and twice a month during the rainy season, totaling 294 observations. The larval positivity of water collections and larval abundance of breeding sites over the time were modeled using a random-effect logistic regression model and a negative binomial regression model, respectively. The depth, distance from habitat, type of water collection and exposure to sunlight were statistically significant and independently associated with water collection positivity for larvae (aOR = 5.18, 95%CI [1.66-16.18], -value = 0.005; aOR = 0.00, 95%CI [0.00-0.02], -value < 0.001; aOR = 252.88, 95%CI [4.05-15,786.84], -value = 0.009 and aOR = 0.04, 95%CI [0.01-0.26], -value < 0.001, respectively). larval habitats were mainly artificial (90%), temporary ( = 217 observations), close to dwellings ( = 114) and shaded ( = 96). Plastic water tanks ( = 17, 48.6%), wells ( = 6, 17.1%) and barrels ( = 4, 11.4%) were the most common breeding sites. Larval abundance was negatively associated with containers of increasing pH and surface area (aOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.33-0.75] -value = 0.001 and aOR = 0.48, 95%CI [0.27-0.87], -value = 0.016, respectively). As mosquitoes are multi-resistant to adult insecticides and dengue has become endemo-epidemic since 2014, vector control should give the priority to the physical removal or treatment of shaded, peridomestic containers-particularly plastic water tanks and barrels-and consider the use of biological larvicides to target breeding sites with low pH and small surface areas.
作为登革热的主要城市传播媒介，在毛里塔尼亚首都努瓦克肖特，它正成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。确定影响其繁殖地分布和生产力的因素对于制定有效的控制策略至关重要。2023年5月至2024年4月，记录了理化特征，并采用标准 dipping 方法在旱季每月从60个集水区收集蚊虫幼虫，雨季每月收集两次，共进行了294次观测。分别使用随机效应逻辑回归模型和负二项回归模型对集水区的幼虫阳性率和繁殖地随时间的幼虫丰度进行建模。深度、与栖息地的距离、集水类型和阳光照射在统计学上具有显著意义，并且分别与幼虫集水阳性率独立相关（调整后比值比 = 5.18，95%置信区间[1.66 - 16.18]，P值 = 0.005；调整后比值比 = 0.00，95%置信区间[0.00 - 0.02]，P值 < 0.001；调整后比值比 = 252.88，95%置信区间[4.05 - 15786.84]，P值 = 0.009；调整后比值比 = 0.04，95%置信区间[0.01 - 0.26]，P值 < 0.001）。幼虫栖息地主要是人工的（90%）、临时性的（n = 217次观测）、靠近住所（n = 114）且有遮蔽（n = 96）。塑料水箱（n = 17，48.6%）、水井（n = 6，17.1%）和桶（n = 4，11.4%）是最常见的繁殖地。幼虫丰度与pH值和表面积增加的容器呈负相关（调整后比值比 = 0.50，95%置信区间[0.33 - 0.75]，P值 = 0.001；调整后比值比 = 0.48，95%置信区间[0.27 - 0.87]，P值 = 0.016）。由于该蚊虫对成人杀虫剂具有多重抗性，且自2014年以来登革热已成为地方性流行疾病，病媒控制应优先对有遮蔽的、住宅周边的容器进行物理清除或处理，特别是塑料水箱和桶，并考虑使用生物杀幼虫剂来针对低pH值和小表面积的繁殖地。
