Petrella Francesco, Faverio Paola, Cara Andrea, Cassina Enrico Mario, Libretti Lidia, Torto Sara Lo, Pirondini Emanuele, Raveglia Federico, Spinelli Francesca, Tuoro Antonio, Perger Elisa, Luppi Fabrizio
Department of Thoracic Surgery Fondazione IRCCS san Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy.
Department of Respiratory Diseases Fondazione IRCCS san Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza (MB), Italy and University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Toxics. 2025 Jun 1;13(6):470. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060470.
The term 'vaping' refers to the use of electronic cigarettes or other devices to inhale a variety of heated and aerosolized substances. Vaping has been promoted as a less harmful and potentially oncogenic alternative to nicotine cigarettes, particularly to help heavy smokers quit. While vaping products do not produce the same carcinogenic substances-such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-generated by the combustion of tobacco, and while their fluids lack tobacco-related carcinogens like nitrosamines, it is now well established that they still generate harmful and potentially oncogenic byproducts. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential oncogenic effects of vaping fluids, including direct chemical action, epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction, redox stress, mitochondrial toxicity, and DNA damage. In addition to cancer risk, there have been reports of adverse effects on cardiovascular health, reproductive function, and non-oncologic lung injuries. These include exogenous lipoid pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with proven alveolar injury, and vaping-associated bronchiolitis obliterans. The aim of this review is to examine vaping devices, their potential role in lung carcinogenesis, vaping-associated lung injury, and other clinical implications, including impacts on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases, and also pregnancy and fetus health.
“吸电子烟”一词指使用电子烟或其他设备吸入各种加热并雾化的物质。吸电子烟被宣传为比尼古丁香烟危害更小且可能致癌的替代品，尤其有助于重度吸烟者戒烟。虽然电子烟产品不会产生烟草燃烧所产生的相同致癌物质，如多环芳烃，且其烟液也不含亚硝胺等与烟草相关的致癌物，但现在已经明确它们仍会产生有害且可能致癌的副产物。人们提出了几种机制来解释电子烟烟液的潜在致癌作用，包括直接化学作用、诱导上皮-间质转化、氧化还原应激、线粒体毒性和DNA损伤。除癌症风险外，还有关于对心血管健康、生殖功能和非肿瘤性肺损伤产生不良影响的报道。这些影响包括外源性类脂性肺炎、已证实存在肺泡损伤的弥漫性肺泡出血以及与吸电子烟相关的闭塞性细支气管炎。本综述的目的是研究电子烟设备、它们在肺癌发生中的潜在作用、与吸电子烟相关的肺损伤以及其他临床影响，包括对心血管、脑血管和呼吸系统疾病的影响，以及对妊娠和胎儿健康的影响。
