Hung Chun-Tse, Hung Yu-Chien, Suk Chi-Won, Wu Chung-Hsuen
School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Infection. 2025 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s15010-025-02588-8.
This study aimed to evaluate (1) the association between asthma and long COVID among U.S. adults and (2) the association between asthma control and long COVID among U.S. adults with asthma.
Data from the 2023 National Health Interview Survey were used. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were included. Asthma control was measured by the history of asthma attacks and emergency room (ER) visits for asthma. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations. A sensitivity analysis was performed by stratifying long COVID severity.
A total of 258,237,552 adults were included in this study. The prevalence of long COVID among U.S. adults in 2023 was 8.2%. When stratified by the presence of asthma, the prevalence was 15.2% for those with asthma and 7.6% for those without asthma (P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, adults with asthma had higher odds of long COVID than those without asthma (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.37-1.83). This association was consistent across long COVID severity levels. Poor asthma control was associated with increased odds of long COVID (asthma attacks: OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.09-1.97; ER visits for asthma: OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.27).
Asthma was associated with increased odds of long COVID. Patients with poorly controlled asthma were associated with increased odds of long COVID. From a clinical perspective, it is crucial to proactively identify patients with asthma at increased risk of long COVID, especially those with certain comorbidities. Future research on specific symptoms and the duration of long COVID among patients with asthma will benefit clinical practice.
本研究旨在评估（1）美国成年人中哮喘与新冠后长期症状之间的关联，以及（2）美国哮喘成年人中哮喘控制与新冠后长期症状之间的关联。
使用了2023年美国国家健康访谈调查的数据。纳入年龄≥18岁的成年人。通过哮喘发作史和因哮喘前往急诊室就诊情况来衡量哮喘控制情况。使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估这些关联。通过对新冠后长期症状的严重程度进行分层来进行敏感性分析。
本研究共纳入258,237,552名成年人。2023年美国成年人中新冠后长期症状的患病率为8.2%。按是否患有哮喘分层时，患有哮喘者的患病率为15.2%，未患哮喘者为7.6%（P<0.01）。在对协变量进行调整后，患有哮喘的成年人出现新冠后长期症状的几率高于未患哮喘者（比值比[OR]，1.58；95%置信区间[CI]，1.37 - 1.83）。这种关联在新冠后长期症状的不同严重程度水平上是一致的。哮喘控制不佳与出现新冠后长期症状的几率增加相关（哮喘发作：OR，1.47；95%CI，1.09 - 1.97；因哮喘前往急诊室就诊：OR，1.52；95%CI，1.02 - 2.27）。
哮喘与出现新冠后长期症状的几率增加相关。哮喘控制不佳的患者出现新冠后长期症状的几率增加。从临床角度来看，主动识别有更高新冠后长期症状风险的哮喘患者至关重要，尤其是那些患有某些合并症的患者。未来针对哮喘患者中新冠后长期症状的具体症状和持续时间的研究将有益于临床实践。
