Zhang Jian, Gu Fengmei, Thirupathi Anand
College of Physical Education, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China.
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jun 19;14(6):729. doi: 10.3390/biology14060729.
Physical exercise induces epigenetic modifications that significantly influence the expression of a set of small non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs. These changes can enhance exercise performance and impact the neurological system, suggesting that understanding miRNA-mediated mechanisms during exercise may offer valuable insights into using exercise as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. The existing literature on exercise-induced molecular pathways often presents inherent biases, complicating the establishment of exercise-induced miRNAs as reliable biomarkers for various chronic conditions due to their variable expression at tissue, organ, and systemic levels. Specifically, miRNA expression can downregulate critical signaling pathways such as TGF-β, FOXO, and NOTCH, which are implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise can override this scenario by targeting the expression of these miRNAs. However, the link between exercise modality-induced benefits (types, intensity, and duration) and the miRNA expression in brain cells is poorly understood. Therefore, this review aims to discuss how exercise-mediated miRNA expression affects brain pathophysiology, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
体育锻炼会引发表观遗传修饰，这些修饰会显著影响一组被称为miRNA的小非编码RNA的表达。这些变化可以提高运动表现并影响神经系统，这表明了解运动过程中miRNA介导的机制可能为将运动用作神经退行性疾病的治疗方法提供有价值的见解。关于运动诱导分子途径的现有文献往往存在内在偏差，由于miRNA在组织、器官和全身水平的表达存在差异，因此难以将运动诱导的miRNA确立为各种慢性疾病的可靠生物标志物。具体而言，miRNA表达可以下调关键信号通路，如TGF-β、FOXO和NOTCH，这些通路与神经退行性疾病的进展有关。运动可以通过靶向这些miRNA的表达来改变这种情况。然而，运动方式诱导的益处（类型、强度和持续时间）与脑细胞中miRNA表达之间的联系仍知之甚少。因此，本综述旨在讨论运动介导的miRNA表达如何影响脑病理生理学，特别是在神经退行性疾病的背景下。
