Xu Xiaodan, Zhang Yingjun, Yu Ming, Li Hongju, Zhang Feng, Xu Yan
School of Arts and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 May 23;15(6):718. doi: 10.3390/bs15060718.
Previous research on utilitarianism has focused predominantly on instrumental harm while neglecting the investigation of impartial beneficence. This study designed three progressive experiments (total = 1378) to explore how impartial beneficence influences bystander cooperation behavior and to uncover the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions. The findings indicate that (1) compared with a partial agent, an impartial agent reduces bystander cooperation behavior; (2) impartial beneficence affects bystander cooperation behavior by influencing bystanders' perception of warmth rather than competence; and (3) a bystander's impartial beneficence personality plays a moderating role in the mediation model, and this moderating effect occurs in the pathways from impartial beneficence to bystander cooperation behavior, perception of warmth, and perception of competence.
以往对功利主义的研究主要集中在工具性伤害上，而忽视了对公正慈善的考察。本研究设计了三个递进实验（共1378人），以探讨公正慈善如何影响旁观者的合作行为，并揭示其潜在机制和边界条件。研究结果表明：（1）与有偏向的行为主体相比，公正的行为主体会降低旁观者的合作行为；（2）公正慈善通过影响旁观者的温暖感知而非能力感知来影响旁观者的合作行为；（3）旁观者的公正慈善人格在中介模型中起调节作用，且这种调节作用发生在从公正慈善到旁观者合作行为、温暖感知和能力感知的路径中。
