Bordoni Monia, Aboud Nairus, Silvetti Francesca, Taccaliti Augusto, Balercia Giancarlo, Salvio Gianmaria
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jun 13;15(12):1506. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15121506.
Thyroid nodules are accidentally found in up to 68% of people undergoing neck ultrasound (US) examination, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the current gold standard to discriminate between malignancy and benign lesions. Unfortunately, one-third of FNAs are classified as indeterminate, requiring surgery for definitive diagnosis. This leads to high costs and health risks of unnecessary procedures, since malignancies are observed in less than half of operative specimens. This narrative review aims to describe the most innovative multi-omics approach techniques, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, aimed at making the preoperative evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules more accurate. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are described in detail, and a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the multi-omic approach is provided.
在接受颈部超声（US）检查的人群中，高达68%的人会意外发现甲状腺结节，而细针穿刺抽吸活检（FNA）是目前区分恶性和良性病变的金标准。不幸的是，三分之一的FNA结果被归类为不确定，需要手术以明确诊断。这导致了不必要手术的高成本和健康风险，因为在不到一半的手术标本中观察到恶性肿瘤。本叙述性综述旨在描述最具创新性的多组学方法技术，包括基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，旨在使不确定甲状腺结节的术前评估更加准确。详细描述了这些技术的优缺点，并对多组学方法进行了SWOT（优势、劣势、机会和威胁）分析。
