Kim Ji-Hyun, Choe Young Min, Choi Hye Ji, Lee Boung Chul, Suh Guk-Hee, Kim Shin Gyeom, Kim Hyun Soo, Hwang Jaeuk, Yi Dahyun, Kim Jee Wook
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 18;26(12):5831. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125831.
This study examined the relationships between mid-arm circumference (MAC) and calf circumference (CC) with cognitive performance, considering the moderating effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele () status. Data from 196 older adults (65-90 years) in the General Lifestyle and AD (GLAD) study were analyzed. Cognitive performance was assessed using the CERAD neuropsychological battery, with episodic memory score (EMS) and non-memory score (NMS) as primary outcomes. Multiple linear regression analyses examined associations between MAC, CC, and waist circumference (WC) with cognition, adjusting for key covariates. Interaction effects with status were also explored. Higher MAC (or MAC/WC) significantly correlated with better EMS, while higher CC (or CC/WC) correlated with better NMS, even after Bonferroni correction ( < 0.0125). These associations were stronger in -negative individuals but not significant in -positive participants. WC was not associated with cognitive measures. The results suggest that Upper- and lower-limb musculature may play distinct roles in cognitive function, with MAC linked to episodic memory and CC to non-memory cognition, particularly in -negative individuals. These findings highlight the potential of muscle health maintenance as a strategy for preserving cognitive function in aging populations.
本研究考察了上臂围（MAC）和小腿围（CC）与认知表现之间的关系，并考虑了载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因（）状态的调节作用。对一般生活方式与阿尔茨海默病（GLAD）研究中196名65至90岁老年人的数据进行了分析。使用CERAD神经心理成套测验评估认知表现，将情景记忆得分（EMS）和非记忆得分（NMS）作为主要结果。多元线性回归分析检验了MAC、CC和腰围（WC）与认知之间的关联，并对关键协变量进行了校正。还探讨了与状态的交互作用。即使经过Bonferroni校正（<0.0125），较高的MAC（或MAC/WC）仍与更好的EMS显著相关，而较高的CC（或CC/WC）与更好的NMS相关。这些关联在ε4阴性个体中更强，但在ε4阳性参与者中不显著。WC与认知指标无关。结果表明，上肢和下肢肌肉组织在认知功能中可能发挥不同作用，MAC与情景记忆相关，CC与非记忆认知相关，尤其是在ε4阴性个体中。这些发现凸显了维持肌肉健康作为老年人群保留认知功能策略的潜力。
