Liu Guan, Wang Hanhui, Gao Huan, Yu Song, Liu Changhua, Wang Yang, Sun Yan, Zhang Dongye
College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 19;26(12):5864. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125864.
In plants, alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that generates diverse mature transcripts from precursor mRNA, with the resulting functional proteins regulating a wide range of plant life activities. The regulation of AS is intricate and complex, playing pivotal roles in controlling plant biological processes like seed germination, flowering time control, growth, and development, as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The regulation of AS is a multilayered and intricately coordinated network system, primarily involving two core components: cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors on pre-mRNA. The precise execution of AS relies on the splicing factors by recognizing cis-elements to modulate splice site selection. Regulated by their own sequence variation, environmental cues, and identification of different spliceosomes, functional genes enable AS to achieve precise spatiotemporal regulation, thereby allowing plants to dynamically respond to developmental signals and environmental challenges. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of AS patterns, functional genes, and splicing factors undergoing AS and its regulatory mechanisms during different processes, highlighting how AS-mediated gene regulation contributes to plant development and stress response, and offering potential strategies for improving plant adaptation by manipulation of AS-regulated genes.
在植物中，可变剪接（AS）是一种关键的转录后调控机制，它从前体mRNA产生多种成熟转录本，所产生的功能蛋白调控广泛的植物生命活动。可变剪接的调控复杂且精细，在控制植物生物学过程如种子萌发、开花时间控制、生长和发育以及对非生物和生物胁迫的响应中发挥关键作用。可变剪接的调控是一个多层次且协调精细的网络系统，主要涉及两个核心组件：顺式调控元件和前体mRNA上的反式作用因子。可变剪接的精确执行依赖于剪接因子识别顺式元件以调节剪接位点选择。受自身序列变异、环境线索以及不同剪接体识别的调控，功能基因使可变剪接能够实现精确的时空调控，从而使植物能够动态响应发育信号和环境挑战。在此，我们全面概述了不同过程中可变剪接的模式、功能基因、经历可变剪接的剪接因子及其调控机制，强调了可变剪接介导的基因调控如何促进植物发育和胁迫响应，并提供了通过操纵可变剪接调控基因来提高植物适应性的潜在策略。
