Alshathri Aldanah, Bindayel Iman, Alabdullatif Wajude, Alhijji Ali, Albarrag Ahmed
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 9;14(12):4075. doi: 10.3390/jcm14124075.
Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic with far-reaching impacts on human activities. Moreover, direct viral damage and uncontrolled inflammation have been proposed as contributing factors to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is also well recognized for its capability to trigger and modulate the host's innate immune system by attaching to bacterial substances. Nevertheless, the pandemic has further emphasized the critical role of an effective host immune response in controlling viral infection and highlighted the detrimental effect of immune dysregulation. This study aimed to assess plasma levels of LBP and inflammatory biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 patients with different malnutrition status and severity levels. : This cross-sectional study was carried out in King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh from December 2020 to December 2021. A total of 166 SARS-CoV-2 patients were recruited including 80 critical and 86 non-critical patients. Medical history, anthropometrical parameters, disease outcome information, and relevant biochemical parameters were extracted from medical records. Plasma samples were collected to test for LBP and inflammatory cytokines. Finally, nutritional risk was assessed by the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) tool. : This cross-sectional study found no significant differences in LBP levels between critical and non-critical SARS-CoV-2 patients. However, LBP levels significantly correlated with IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6/IL-10 levels (Spearman's rho = 0.430, 0.276 and -0.397 respectively; < 0.001). : This study confirmed the elevated inflammatory cytokines in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients and their association with disease severity and malnutrition. These findings may support the mechanism of gut inflammation in order to develop new interventions that lower inflammatory biomarkers, disease severity, and aid in SARS-CoV-2 prevention and management.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染引发了一场全球大流行，对人类活动产生了深远影响。此外，病毒的直接损伤和不受控制的炎症被认为是导致SARS-CoV-2疾病严重程度的因素。脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）也因其通过附着于细菌物质来触发和调节宿主先天免疫系统的能力而广为人知。然而，这场大流行进一步强调了有效的宿主免疫反应在控制病毒感染中的关键作用，并突出了免疫失调的有害影响。本研究旨在评估不同营养不良状态和严重程度的SARS-CoV-2患者的血浆LBP水平和炎症生物标志物。：这项横断面研究于2020年12月至2021年12月在利雅得的哈立德国王大学医院进行。共招募了166名SARS-CoV-2患者，包括80名重症患者和86名非重症患者。从病历中提取病史、人体测量参数、疾病结局信息和相关生化参数。采集血浆样本以检测LBP和炎症细胞因子。最后，通过营养风险筛查-2002（NRS-2002）工具评估营养风险。：这项横断面研究发现，重症和非重症SARS-CoV-2患者的LBP水平没有显著差异。然而，LBP水平与IL-10、TNF-α和IL-6/IL-10水平显著相关（斯皮尔曼相关系数分别为0.430、0.276和-0.397；<0.001）。：本研究证实了住院SARS-CoV-2患者炎症细胞因子升高及其与疾病严重程度和营养不良的关联。这些发现可能支持肠道炎症机制，以便开发降低炎症生物标志物、疾病严重程度并有助于SARS-CoV-2预防和管理的新干预措施。
