Pérez-Contreras Jorge, Loro-Ferrer Juan Francisco, Inostroza-Ríos Felipe, Merino-Muñoz Pablo, Bustamante Garrido Alejandro, Hermosilla-Palma Felipe, Brito Ciro José, Cortés-Roco Guillermo, Arriagada Tarifeño David, Muñoz-Hinrichsen Fernando, Aedo-Muñoz Esteban
Escuela de Doctorado de La Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (EDULPGC), 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8370003, Chile.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jun 16;10(2):228. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10020228.
The high demands of professional soccer predispose players to musculoskeletal injuries. The primary challenge for identifying potential risk factors lies in determining the appropriate assessment methods and indicators to consider. Kinetic variables have been identified as potential indicators of injury risk. To conduct a systematic review of the literature analyzing the relationship between kinetic variables and the risk of indirect musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limb in professional soccer players. A search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus following the PRISMA guidelines. The search included articles that link kinetic variables assessed through dynamometry to indirect lower limb injuries. Sample characteristics, assessments, injury follow-ups, and statistical results were extracted for qualitative synthesis. A total of 1096 studies were initially identified, of which 380 duplicates were removed. After screening 716 articles by title and abstract, 631 were excluded. Subsequently, 85 full-text articles were examined, resulting in 11 studies being included. Of the included articles, 10 used isokinetic dynamometry and the Nordic hamstring curl test to assess lower limb strength. The results of this review indicate that kinetic variables, particularly isokinetic strength measures at different angular velocities, are consistently associated with indirect musculoskeletal injury risk in professional soccer players. The most relevant indicators include eccentric hamstring force and concentric quadriceps torque, which help identify strength deficits and muscular disequilibrium. Monitoring these variables through validated assessments enables the development of targeted prevention strategies. Additionally, injury risk assessment should integrate kinetic data with contextual indicators such as well-being, fatigue, and training load.
职业足球的高要求使球员易患肌肉骨骼损伤。识别潜在风险因素的主要挑战在于确定合适的评估方法和需考虑的指标。动力学变量已被确定为损伤风险的潜在指标。为了对分析职业足球运动员动力学变量与下肢间接肌肉骨骼损伤风险之间关系的文献进行系统综述。按照PRISMA指南在Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus上进行了检索。检索包括将通过测力计评估的动力学变量与下肢间接损伤相关联的文章。提取样本特征、评估、损伤随访和统计结果进行定性综合分析。最初共识别出1096项研究，其中380项重复研究被剔除。通过标题和摘要筛选716篇文章后，排除了631篇。随后，对85篇全文进行了审查，最终纳入11项研究。在纳入的文章中，10项使用等速测力计和北欧绳肌弯举测试来评估下肢力量。本综述结果表明，动力学变量，特别是不同角速度下的等速力量测量，与职业足球运动员间接肌肉骨骼损伤风险始终相关。最相关的指标包括绳肌离心力和股四头肌向心扭矩，它们有助于识别力量缺陷和肌肉失衡。通过经过验证的评估监测这些变量有助于制定有针对性的预防策略。此外，损伤风险评估应将动力学数据与诸如健康状况、疲劳和训练负荷等背景指标相结合。
