On the relative importance of attention and response selection processes for multi-component behavior - Evidence from EEG-based deep learning.

Goal-directed behavior often requires concatenating different actions to achieve a goal. The neural correlates of such multi-component behavior have extensively been investigated. However, it is still enigmatic whether it is possible to , using single-trial EEG data and on a single-subject level, that an individual is confronted with a situation imposing high or low demands on multi-component behavior. This study gathered data from N = 239 individuals and applied EEG-based deep learning combined with explainable artificial intelligence, temporal EEG signal decomposition, and source localization. We show that attentional selection and sensory integration processes in sensory association cortices were highly predictive with ∼86%. Processes specifying rule-based response selection and translation, associated with superior and posterior parietal cortices, were also predictive with ∼70%. This, however, was only possible when the information about sensory integration was not available for deep learning. Therefore, sensory integration processes are particularly important in the decoding of whether an individual is confronted with a situation imposing high or low demands on response selection capacity limited multi-component behavior. The results provide insights into the relative importance of various cognitive processes during complex goal-directed behavior and suggest that attentional processes are important to consider during multi-component behavior.