Mugwaneza Denyse, Ndagijimana Albert, Hakizayezu François, Ntaganira Joseph
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2023 Mar 28;6(1):61-70. doi: 10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.8. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Rabies is an incurable zoonotic disease of public health concern. After exposure the only effective intervention is Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Surveillance data in Rwanda shows that a high number of dog bites do not get PEP in time.
Determine factors associated with delays in post-exposure prophylaxis among victims of dog bites.
The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyagatare District. It targeted people bitten by dogs and who attended Nyagatare district from January 2017 to December 2019. Review of registers and interview with victims were used to collected data using excel and analyze them using STATA version 15. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were reported.
Among 412 dog bite victims, 161 (39%) delayed getting PEP. The more likely to delay in getting PEP, were people living in rural areas, AOR = 3.54, 95%CI [2.12, 5.90], and those without medical insurance, AOR = 4.40, 95%CI [1.82-10.62].
Seeking PEP among dog bites victims is subject to delay in Nyagatare district. Local leaders should establish initiatives to support people to get medical insurance while public health officers need to prioritize sensitization for PEP for people living in rural areas.
狂犬病是一种令人担忧的不可治愈的人畜共患疾病。暴露后唯一有效的干预措施是暴露后预防（PEP）。卢旺达的监测数据显示，大量被狗咬伤的人没有及时接受PEP。
确定狗咬伤受害者暴露后预防延迟的相关因素。
在尼亚加塔雷区进行回顾性横断面研究。研究对象为2017年1月至2019年12月期间被狗咬伤并到尼亚加塔雷区就诊的人。通过查阅登记册和与受害者访谈收集数据，使用Excel录入数据并使用STATA 15版本进行分析。报告比值比（OR）和置信区间（CI）。
在412名被狗咬伤的受害者中，161人（39%）延迟接受PEP。居住在农村地区的人更有可能延迟接受PEP，调整后比值比（AOR）=3.54，95%置信区间[2.12, 5.90]；没有医疗保险的人延迟接受PEP的可能性也更大，AOR = 4.40，95%置信区间[1.82 - 10.62]。
在尼亚加塔雷区，狗咬伤受害者寻求PEP存在延迟现象。地方领导人应采取措施支持民众获得医疗保险，而公共卫生官员需要优先对农村地区居民进行PEP宣传。
