Hawn Sage E, Smith Lauren, Armitage Kaytlin, Ball Selah, Lau-Barraco Cathy, Powers Abigail, Amstadter Ananda B
Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2025 Oct;81(10):940-954. doi: 10.1002/jclp.70008. Epub 2025 Jun 26.
This study sought to develop and psychometrically evaluate an expanded version of the Trauma-Related Drinking to Cope (TRD) scale, a four-item self-report tool, which was developed to address a crucial gap in self-medication research. Before the development of the TRD, no measures existed which assessed alcohol use for coping with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specifically. Previous work showed that the TRD has strong psychometric properties and clinical utility in its ability to identify individuals with PTSD who may be at risk for developing comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of the present study was to develop and test a comprehensive, 20-item version of the TRD ("TRD-20"), which assesses drinking to cope with each of the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD.
We piloted the 20-item TRD measure among a diverse sample of 555 trauma-exposed undergraduates who use alcohol (M = 23.29, SD = 7.29; 49.5% white; 79.3% woman-identifying).
A four factor model indexing drinking to cope with symptoms aligning with the four PTSD symptom clusters fit the data well (χ(164) = 355.67, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.950; TLI = 0.942; RMSEA = 0.046), with all standardized factor loadings exceeding 0.8. We also found strong evidence supporting the construct and criterion validity of the TRD-20, specifically in relation to existing measures of drinking coping motives, PTSD symptoms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems.
These findings highlight the TRD-20 as a useful measure for determining an individual's PTSD-specific drinking motives, which carries implications for improving understanding and treatment of PTSD-AUD comorbidity.
本研究旨在开发并对创伤相关饮酒应对量表（TRD）的扩展版进行心理测量学评估。TRD是一个包含四个条目的自我报告工具，其开发旨在填补自我药物治疗研究中的一个关键空白。在TRD开发之前，不存在专门评估用于应对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的饮酒情况的测量方法。先前的研究表明，TRD在识别可能有患酒精使用障碍（AUD）共病风险的PTSD个体方面具有很强的心理测量学特性和临床效用。本研究的目的是开发并测试一个包含20个条目的TRD综合版（“TRD - 20”），该版本评估饮酒以应对PTSD的20种DSM - 5症状中的每一种。
我们在555名有饮酒行为的受创伤本科生的多样化样本中试用了包含20个条目的TRD测量方法（M = 23.29，标准差 = 7.29；49.5%为白人；79.3%为自我认同为女性）。
一个四因素模型表明饮酒用于应对与四个PTSD症状群相符的症状，该模型与数据拟合良好（χ(164) = 355.67，p < 0.001；CFI = 0.950；TLI = 0.942；RMSEA = 0.046），所有标准化因子载荷均超过0.8。我们还发现有力证据支持TRD - 20的结构效度和效标效度，特别是与现有的饮酒应对动机、PTSD症状、酒精消费及酒精相关问题的测量方法相关。
这些发现突出了TRD - 20作为确定个体PTSD特定饮酒动机的有用测量方法，这对增进对PTSD - AUD共病的理解和治疗具有启示意义。
