Luck W, Nau H
J Pediatr. 1985 Nov;107(5):816-20. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80427-3.
The exposure of infants to nicotine via milk of smoking mothers or via inhaled side-stream smoke ("passive smoking") was evaluated. Newborn infants nursed by smoking mothers and unexposed to passive smoking showed measurable serum concentrations of nicotine (0.2 to 1.6 ng/ml) and its main metabolite, cotinine (5 to 30 ng/ml), and also excreted measurable amounts of nicotine and cotinine in their urine: the ratio of nanograms of nicotine/milligrams of creatinine (N/C ratio) ranged from 5.0 to 110 (median 14), and the corresponding ratio of nanograms of cotinine/milligrams of creatinine (C/C ratio) from 10 to 555 (median 110). Infants of the same age nursed by nonsmoking mothers did not excrete measurable amounts of the two substances except in one case. Older and non-breast-fed infants exposed only to passive smoking had N/C ratios in the range of 4.7 to 218 (median 35) and C/C ratios in the range of 117 to 780 (median 327 ng/mg). Infants exposed to passive smoking and to smoke via breast milk had N/C ratios in the range of 3.0 to 42 (median 12) and C/C ratios in the range of 225 to 870 (median 550). The significant serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of nicotine in the breast-fed infants of smoking mothers suggest that nursing contributes to the nicotine exposure of these neonates. In older infants, the wide variation of cotinine excretion values did not allow separate evaluation of the two exposure routes.
评估了婴儿通过吸烟母亲的乳汁或吸入侧流烟雾（“被动吸烟”）接触尼古丁的情况。由吸烟母亲哺乳且未接触被动吸烟的新生儿，其血清中可检测到尼古丁浓度（0.2至1.6纳克/毫升）及其主要代谢物可替宁（5至30纳克/毫升），尿液中也可检测到可测量的尼古丁和可替宁含量：尼古丁纳克数/肌酐毫克数的比值（N/C比值）范围为5.0至110（中位数14），相应的可替宁纳克数/肌酐毫克数的比值（C/C比值）范围为10至555（中位数110）。除一例情况外，由不吸烟母亲哺乳的同龄婴儿未排出可测量量的这两种物质。仅接触被动吸烟的较大婴儿和非母乳喂养婴儿的N/C比值在4.7至218范围内（中位数35），C/C比值在117至780范围内（中位数327纳克/毫克）。既接触被动吸烟又通过母乳接触烟雾的婴儿，其N/C比值在3.0至42范围内（中位数12），C/C比值在225至870范围内（中位数550）。吸烟母亲的母乳喂养婴儿血清中尼古丁浓度及尿排泄率显著，这表明哺乳会导致这些新生儿接触尼古丁。对于较大婴儿，可替宁排泄值的广泛差异使得无法分别评估这两种接触途径。
