Dong Deli, Yan Yuanyuan, Yang Fan, Yao Huaibing, Li Yang, Huang Xin, Aihemaiti Maierhaba, Zhan Faqiang, Hou Min, Cui Weidong
Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology/Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jun 13;13(6):1380. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13061380.
Solid-state microbial fermentation (SSMF) has been established as an effective bioprocessing strategy to augment the nutritional value of plant-derived feed substrates while reducing anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). However, there have been limited studies on the effects of microbial solid-state fermentation on the nutritional value and potential functional components in cottonseed hulls. This study investigated the nutritional enhancement of cottonseed hulls through anaerobic solid-state fermentation mediated by CU-3, while exploring the functional potential of the fermented feed by analyzing fungal community dynamics and metabolite profiling. The laboratory-preserved free gossypol-degrading strain CU-3 was inoculated into unsterilized, crushed, and screened cottonseed hulls for solid-state fermentation at room temperature for 10 days. The results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, the experimental group achieved a 61.90% increase in free gossypol degradation rate, a 27.78% improvement in crude protein content, and a 5.07% reduction in crude fiber, while crude fat showed no significant difference. During the fermentation process, microbial diversity decreased, and CU-3 became the dominant species. Untargeted metabolomics data revealed that cottonseed hulls inoculated with CU-3 produced functional bioactive compounds during fermentation, including chrysin, myricetin (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities), and ginsenoside Rh2 (anticancer, antibacterial, and neuroprotective properties). This study demonstrates that inoculating CU-3 into cottonseed hulls enhances their health-promoting potential through the biosynthesis of diverse functional metabolites, providing a theoretical foundation for improving the nutritional profile of cottonseed hull-fermented feed.
固态微生物发酵（SSMF）已被确立为一种有效的生物加工策略，可提高植物源饲料底物的营养价值，同时减少抗营养因子（ANF）。然而，关于微生物固态发酵对棉籽壳营养价值和潜在功能成分影响的研究有限。本研究通过CU-3介导的厌氧固态发酵研究了棉籽壳的营养强化，同时通过分析真菌群落动态和代谢物谱来探索发酵饲料的功能潜力。将实验室保存的游离棉酚降解菌株CU-3接种到未灭菌、粉碎和筛选后的棉籽壳中，在室温下进行固态发酵10天。结果表明，与对照组相比，实验组的游离棉酚降解率提高了61.90%，粗蛋白含量提高了27.78%，粗纤维降低了5.07%，而粗脂肪无显著差异。在发酵过程中，微生物多样性降低，CU-3成为优势菌种。非靶向代谢组学数据显示，接种CU-3的棉籽壳在发酵过程中产生了功能性生物活性化合物，包括白杨素、杨梅素（具有抗炎、抗菌和抗氧化活性）和人参皂苷Rh2（具有抗癌、抗菌和神经保护特性）。本研究表明，将CU-3接种到棉籽壳中可通过多种功能性代谢物的生物合成提高其促进健康的潜力，为改善棉籽壳发酵饲料的营养状况提供了理论基础。
