Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 21;16(1):34. doi: 10.3390/nu16010034.
Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in diabesity management. This literature review aims to synthesize findings from clinical studies conducted in the last 15 years, shedding light on the efficacy, mechanisms, and nuances of different diet types in diabesity management with special focus on the Mediterranean diet (MD).
Thorough research of academic databases yielded a collection of relevant clinical studies. These studies encompassed a range of dietary strategies, including the MD, low-carbohydrate diets, plant-based diets, high-protein diets, low-fat regimens, and intermittent fasting. Key findings, methodologies, and outcomes were thoroughly extracted and analyzed.
The last 15 years have witnessed considerable improvements in recognizing the role of human nutritional habits in diabesity management. The MD appears to be the most well-recognized diet, exerting favorable effects against both obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate diets were found to enhance glycemic regulation and decrease insulin resistance. Plant-based diets demonstrated potential benefits in weight management and cardiometabolic health. High-protein, low-fat dietary models exhibited positive effects on satiety and body weight decline. Intermittent fasting regimens also exerted metabolic improvements and body weight decline. Personalization emerged as a crucial factor in dietary recommendations.
Clinical studies from the last 15 years underscore the intricate relationship between diet types and diabesity management. The above results contribute to an increasing body of evidence, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary approaches and especially the MD. Healthcare providers can utilize this knowledge to offer personalized dietary recommendations for individuals with diabesity, potentially curbing the rise of these twin epidemics and improving the well-being of affected populations.
肥胖与糖尿病的交集——糖尿病肥胖症，构成了一场全球性的健康危机，具有深远的影响。应对糖尿病肥胖症需要采取多方面的策略，而饮食则起着关键作用。在过去的 15 年中，临床研究已经加强了对各种饮食方法在糖尿病肥胖症管理中的探索。本文献综述旨在综合过去 15 年临床研究的发现，阐明不同饮食类型在糖尿病肥胖症管理中的疗效、机制和细微差别，特别关注地中海饮食（MD）。
对学术数据库进行了全面研究，收集了相关的临床研究。这些研究涵盖了一系列饮食策略，包括 MD、低碳水化合物饮食、植物性饮食、高蛋白饮食、低脂肪饮食和间歇性禁食。对关键发现、方法和结果进行了深入提取和分析。
过去 15 年见证了人类营养习惯在糖尿病肥胖症管理中的作用的显著认识提高。MD 似乎是最被认可的饮食，对肥胖和糖尿病都有有利影响。低碳水化合物饮食被发现可增强血糖调节，降低胰岛素抵抗。植物性饮食在体重管理和心脏代谢健康方面显示出潜在的益处。高蛋白、低脂肪饮食模式对饱腹感和体重下降有积极影响。间歇性禁食方案也对代谢改善和体重下降有影响。个性化成为饮食建议的关键因素。
过去 15 年的临床研究强调了饮食类型与糖尿病肥胖症管理之间的复杂关系。上述结果为日益增多的证据做出了贡献，强调了需要采用量身定制的饮食方法，特别是 MD。医疗保健提供者可以利用这些知识为糖尿病肥胖症患者提供个性化的饮食建议，有可能遏制这两种流行病的蔓延，改善受影响人群的健康状况。
