DeBenedictis Julia N, Xu Na, de Kok Theo M, van Breda Simone G
Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, GROW Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 18;17(12):2036. doi: 10.3390/nu17122036.
: Fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) are major dietary sources of phytochemicals, crucial for preventing non-communicable diseases. However, barriers such as preparation inconvenience and a short shelf life hinder their consumption. F&V-coated foods have emerged as an alternative. This human nutrition intervention study assessed the effects of a blended F&Vs mixture versus an F&V-coated food on phytochemical absorption and chronic disease risk markers. It also explored how genetic variation influences physiological responses to these F&V products. : In this randomized-controlled trial, participants were assigned to one of three dietary interventions: a blended F&V mixture ("F&V Blend"), a rice-based cereal product coated with this blend ("Coated Pearl"), or the same product without the F&V mixture ("Uncoated Pearl"). The four-week study included a two-week run-in and a two-week intervention phase, each followed by a test day. Measurements included DNA damage resistance (comet assay), plasma antioxidant status (Trolox capacity and superoxide levels), microvasculature health (retinal analysis), and plasma phytochemical concentrations (colorimetric analyses or HPLC). To assess group differences, a linear mixed model was used. Fifteen polymorphic genes related to phytochemical metabolism and oxidative stress were tested using TaqMan and PCR, with outcomes analyzed via ANOVA. : The F&V Blend and Coated Pearl products increased plasma carotenoid levels versus the Uncoated Pearl product. Only the F&V Blend improved retinal dilation and DNA resistance. Surprisingly, the Uncoated Pearl product enhanced antioxidant capacity, lowered superoxide levels, and improved retinal microvasculature. Genotype effects were minimal, except for HNF1A, where wildtypes in the Uncoated Pearl group showed a higher antioxidant capacity. : Fresh F&Vs were more effective than coated alternatives in improving vascular health and DNA protection.
水果和蔬菜是植物化学物质的主要饮食来源，对预防非传染性疾病至关重要。然而，诸如制备不便和保质期短等障碍阻碍了它们的消费。涂有果蔬的食品已成为一种替代选择。这项人类营养干预研究评估了混合果蔬混合物与涂有果蔬的食品对植物化学物质吸收和慢性病风险标志物的影响。它还探讨了基因变异如何影响对这些果蔬产品的生理反应。
在这项随机对照试验中，参与者被分配到三种饮食干预之一：混合果蔬混合物（“果蔬混合”）、涂有这种混合物的米制谷物产品（“涂层珍珠”）或不含果蔬混合物的相同产品（“未涂层珍珠”）。为期四周的研究包括两周的导入期和两周的干预期，每期之后都有一个测试日。测量包括DNA损伤抗性（彗星试验）、血浆抗氧化状态（Trolox容量和超氧化物水平）、微血管健康（视网膜分析）和血浆植物化学物质浓度（比色分析或高效液相色谱法）。为了评估组间差异，使用了线性混合模型。使用TaqMan和PCR检测了15个与植物化学物质代谢和氧化应激相关的多态性基因，并通过方差分析分析结果。
与未涂层珍珠产品相比，果蔬混合产品和涂层珍珠产品提高了血浆类胡萝卜素水平。只有果蔬混合产品改善了视网膜扩张和DNA抗性。令人惊讶的是，未涂层珍珠产品增强了抗氧化能力，降低了超氧化物水平，并改善了视网膜微血管。除了肝细胞核因子1A（HNF1A）外，基因型效应最小，未涂层珍珠组中的野生型显示出更高的抗氧化能力。
新鲜果蔬在改善血管健康和DNA保护方面比涂层替代品更有效。
