Festa Joseph, Hussain Aamir, Al-Hareth Zakia, Singh Harprit, Da Boit Mariasole
Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
Pandemic Sciences Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK.
Foods. 2023 Apr 26;12(9):1796. doi: 10.3390/foods12091796.
Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols previously investigated for improving cardiovascular health and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction. However, their poor bioavailability raises the question of whether the observed biological activity is due to their metabolites. Phenolic metabolites can reach higher plasma concentrations and can persist in the circulation for periods much longer than their original anthocyanin form; therefore, the biological activity and health promoting effects of anthocyanins may differ from their metabolites. To address this, recent studies have facilitated different cell models, in vivo studies and explored physiologically relevant concentrations to better understand their mechanisms of action. The criteria were chosen based on previous reports demonstrating that anthocyanins can improve endothelial function via modulation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, which made it critical to assess the phenolic metabolites' modes of action via these pathways. This review demonstrates how phenolic metabolites differ in bioactivity from their precursor anthocyanin, demonstrating improved endothelial function in response to inflammatory mediators at concentrations that are tolerated in vivo. The review highlights the crucial need for further studies to focus on improving the bioavailability of metabolites in isolation and explore the effect of metabolites in mixtures.
花青素是类黄酮多酚的一个亚组，此前曾对其改善心血管健康和预防内皮功能障碍的发展进行过研究。然而，它们较差的生物利用度引发了一个问题，即观察到的生物活性是否归因于它们的代谢产物。酚类代谢产物可以达到更高的血浆浓度，并且可以在循环中持续存在的时间比其原始花青素形式长得多；因此，花青素的生物活性和健康促进作用可能与其代谢产物不同。为了解决这个问题，最近的研究建立了不同的细胞模型、体内研究，并探索了生理相关浓度，以更好地了解它们的作用机制。这些标准是根据先前的报告选择的，这些报告表明花青素可以通过调节Akt-内皮型一氧化氮合酶途径以及转录因子Nrf2和NF-κB来改善内皮功能，这使得通过这些途径评估酚类代谢产物的作用模式至关重要。这篇综述展示了酚类代谢产物在生物活性方面与其前体花青素的差异，表明在体内可耐受的浓度下，酚类代谢产物对炎症介质有改善内皮功能的反应。该综述强调了进一步研究的迫切需求，即专注于单独提高代谢产物的生物利用度，并探索混合物中代谢产物的作用。
