Ma Li, Nishimura Yoshiaki, Wu Xueling, Donau Olivia, Vincent Eunice, Lu Hong, Blair Robert V, Doyle-Meyers Lara A, Martin Malcolm, Veazey Ronald S, Xu Huanbin, Wang Xiaolei
Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Viruses. 2025 Jun 14;17(6):849. doi: 10.3390/v17060849.
Infants born to HIV-positive mothers remain at significant risk of HIV acquisition despite maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, cesarean delivery, and formula feeding. Our previous study reported that initiating early antiretroviral treatment at three days post-SIV infection resulted in approximately eighty percent of pediatric virologic remission. In this study, we investigated treatment outcomes in postnatally SHIV-exposed infant macaques when early intervention was delayed by two days, as well as the mechanisms underlying virologic control. The results showed that, although initiating treatment at five days post-exposure effectively suppressed viral replication, only one of the three infant macaques achieved a sustained state of virologic remission following analytical treatment interruption. Notably, this virus-controlled infant lacked detectable virus-specific immunity, including neutralizing antibodies, cytotoxic T cell responses, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These findings highlight the critical importance of early treatment initiation as a key determinant of virologic control in HIV-exposed, infected infants. This study provides valuable insights for guiding early pediatric HIV intervention strategies in clinical settings.
尽管感染艾滋病毒的母亲坚持进行抗逆转录病毒治疗、选择剖宫产并采用配方奶喂养，但其所生婴儿仍面临着较高的感染艾滋病毒风险。我们之前的研究报告称，在感染猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）三天后开始早期抗逆转录病毒治疗，约80%的幼猴实现了病毒学缓解。在本研究中，我们调查了产后暴露于猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SHIV）的幼猴延迟两天进行早期干预后的治疗效果，以及病毒学控制的潜在机制。结果表明，虽然在暴露后五天开始治疗有效地抑制了病毒复制，但在分析性治疗中断后，三只幼猴中只有一只实现了持续的病毒学缓解状态。值得注意的是，这只病毒得到控制的幼猴缺乏可检测到的病毒特异性免疫，包括中和抗体、细胞毒性T细胞反应和抗体依赖性细胞毒性。这些发现凸显了早期开始治疗作为艾滋病毒暴露感染婴儿病毒学控制关键决定因素的至关重要性。本研究为指导临床环境中的早期儿科艾滋病毒干预策略提供了有价值的见解。
