Zhang Tianchi, Wei Yongli, Wang Yuan, Duan Changjiao, Wang Lihua, Li Zongxiang, Li Xiao, Li Xin, Cao Baofeng
State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, Beijing 102205, China.
College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 7;25(12):3599. doi: 10.3390/s25123599.
Wideband electromagnetic pulse detection is a crucial method for lightning disaster monitoring. However, the random nature of lightning events presents challenges in fulfilling real-time calibration requirements for electromagnetic pulse sensors. This paper introduces a segmented ultra-wideband TEM horn antenna tailored for portable calibration experiments in electromagnetic pulse detection systems. The radiating plates feature a four-section polygonal design, and an end-loaded metal plate is integrated to reduce reflection signal interference. Rigorous simulation analyses were performed on three key factors impacting antenna radiation performance: aperture impedance, tapering profile, and end loading configuration. Experimental results show that the designed antenna achieves a peak field strength of 48.9 V/m at a 10 m distance, with a rise time of 0.87 ns and a full width at half maximum of 1.75 ns. The operating frequency ranges from 48 MHz to 150 MHz, with main lobe beamwidths of 43° and 83° in the -plane and -plane radiation patterns, respectively. These parameters meet the technical requirements for electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration experiments.
宽带电磁脉冲检测是雷电灾害监测的一种关键方法。然而，雷电事件的随机性给电磁脉冲传感器实时校准要求的实现带来了挑战。本文介绍了一种为电磁脉冲检测系统中的便携式校准实验量身定制的分段超宽带TEM喇叭天线。辐射板采用四节多边形设计，并集成了端加载金属板以减少反射信号干扰。对影响天线辐射性能的三个关键因素：孔径阻抗、渐变轮廓和端加载配置进行了严格的仿真分析。实验结果表明，所设计的天线在10 m距离处实现了48.9 V/m的峰值场强，上升时间为0.87 ns，半高全宽为1.75 ns。工作频率范围为48 MHz至150 MHz，在E平面和H平面辐射方向图中的主瓣波束宽度分别为43°和83°。这些参数满足电磁脉冲传感器校准实验的技术要求。
