Haraguchi Naoto, Ohtsu Hajime, Yoshimura Bian, Hase Kazunori
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino 191-0065, Japan.
Department of Assistive Technology, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa 359-8555, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 13;25(12):3705. doi: 10.3390/s25123705.
The foot deformation approach (FDA) estimates the ground reaction force (GRF) and moment (GRM) from kinematic data with practical accuracy, low computational cost, and no requirement for training data. Our previous study demonstrated practical estimation accuracy of the FDA under barefoot conditions. However, since the FDA estimates GRFs and GRMs based on foot deformation under body weight, there are concerns about its applicability to footwear conditions, where the foot deformation characteristics differ from those of bare feet. Following the issue, this study conducted a walking experiment at three different speeds with running shoes and sneakers to investigate the impact of footwear on GRF prediction using the FDA. The results showed that the FDA successfully provided practical accuracy when shoes were worn, comparable to that for a barefoot participant. The FDA offers advantages for estimating GRFs and GRMs for the footwear condition, while eliminating the need for collecting training data and enabling rapid analysis and feedback in clinical settings. Although the FDA cannot fully eliminate the effects of footwear and movement speed on prediction accuracy, it has the potential to serve as a convenient biomechanical-based method for estimating GRFs and GRMs during sports and daily activities with footwear.
足部变形法（FDA）可根据运动学数据以实际精度、低计算成本且无需训练数据来估算地面反作用力（GRF）和力矩（GRM）。我们之前的研究证明了FDA在赤脚条件下的实际估算精度。然而，由于FDA是基于体重下的足部变形来估算GRF和GRM，因此人们担心其在鞋类条件下的适用性，因为足部变形特征与赤脚不同。针对这一问题，本研究穿着跑鞋和运动鞋以三种不同速度进行了步行实验，以研究鞋类对使用FDA预测GRF的影响。结果表明，当穿着鞋子时，FDA成功提供了实际精度，与赤脚参与者相当。FDA在估算鞋类条件下的GRF和GRM方面具有优势，同时无需收集训练数据，并能够在临床环境中进行快速分析和反馈。尽管FDA无法完全消除鞋类和运动速度对预测精度的影响，但它有潜力作为一种方便的基于生物力学的方法，用于估算穿着鞋类进行运动和日常活动时的GRF和GRM。
