Alshaer Walhan, Alsotari Shrouq, Aladaileh Nour, Rifai Alaa, Khalaf Aya, AlQuaissi Baidaa, Sabbah Bushra, Nsairat Hamdi, Odeh Fadwa
Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 May 31;17(6):729. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060729.
Clarithromycin (CLA) is a widely used antibiotic effective against a variety of bacterial strains, making it a common treatment for respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections. Moreover, extensive studies have confirmed the anticancer activity of CLA against different cancers, particularly when combined with conventional therapies. This study investigates the potential anticancer and antibacterial activities of developed CLA-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CLA-BSA NPs), designed with optimized physicochemical properties to enhance drug delivery. : The CLA-BSA NPs were synthesized using the desolvation method, followed by drug loading. Characterization techniques, including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). : The results confirmed that CLA interacts with BSA NPs through van der Waals forces. The performance of drug-nanocarrier interaction was further assessed through in vitro drug release studies. The release studies demonstrated that CLA had a robust release profile in reductive media, with a cumulative release of 50.9% in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) supplemented with 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Further biological activity assays were also conducted, including cell viability assays (MTT) and antibacterial activity tests. CLA-BSA NPs demonstrated anticancer activity against the lung cancer (A549) cell line, while showing minimal cytotoxicity on normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The antibacterial activity was assessed against , , and . Among the tested strains, exhibited the highest sensitivity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.032 µg/mL, compared to 0.12 µg/mL for and >32 µg/mL for . : In conclusion, these findings highlight CLA-BSA NPs as a promising drug delivery system that enhances the anticancer and antibacterial efficacy of CLA.
克拉霉素（CLA）是一种广泛使用的抗生素，对多种细菌菌株有效，是治疗呼吸道、皮肤和软组织感染的常用药物。此外，大量研究证实了CLA对不同癌症的抗癌活性，特别是与传统疗法联合使用时。本研究调查了所制备的负载CLA的牛血清白蛋白纳米颗粒（CLA-BSA NPs）的潜在抗癌和抗菌活性，这些纳米颗粒经过优化的物理化学性质设计，以增强药物递送。：采用去溶剂法合成CLA-BSA NPs，随后进行药物负载。表征技术包括动态光散射（DLS）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和热重分析（TGA）。：结果证实CLA通过范德华力与BSA NPs相互作用。通过体外药物释放研究进一步评估了药物-纳米载体相互作用的性能。释放研究表明，CLA在还原介质中具有良好的释放曲线，在补充了10 mM谷胱甘肽（GSH）的醋酸盐缓冲液（pH 5.0）中累积释放率为50.9%。还进行了进一步的生物活性测定，包括细胞活力测定（MTT）和抗菌活性测试。CLA-BSA NPs对肺癌（A549）细胞系表现出抗癌活性，而对正常人皮肤成纤维细胞（HDF）细胞的细胞毒性最小。针对、和评估了抗菌活性。在所测试的菌株中，表现出最高的敏感性，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.032 µg/mL，相比之下，的MIC为0.12 µg/mL，的MIC>32 µg/mL。：总之，这些发现突出了CLA-BSA NPs作为一种有前途的药物递送系统，可增强CLA的抗癌和抗菌功效。
