Alghuthaymi Mousa Abdullah
Applied College at Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jun 16;17(12):1671. doi: 10.3390/polym17121671.
Citrus fruits are major economic and nutritional crops that are sometimes subjected to serious attacks by many fungal phytopathogens after harvesting. In this study, we focus on the structures of potential antifungal nanocomposites from artichoke leaf extract (Art), Art-mediated nanosilver (AgNPs), and their nanoconjugates with chitosan nanoparticles (Cht) to eradicate the blue mold fungus () and preserve oranges during storage via nanocomposite-based edible coatings (ECs). The biosynthesis and conjugation of nanomaterials were verified using UV and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) analysis, and DLS assessments. Art could effectually biosynthesize/cap AgNPs with a mean size of 10.35 nm, whereas the average size of Cht was 148.67 nm, and the particles of their nanocomposites had average diameters of 203.22 nm. All nanomaterials/composites exhibited potent antifungal action toward isolates; the Cht/Art/AgNP nanocomposite was the most effectual, with an inhibition zone of 31.1 mm and a fungicidal concentration of 17.5 mg/mL, significantly exceeding the activity of other compounds and the fungicide Enilconazole (24.8 mm and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively). The microscopic imaging of mycelia treated with Cht/Art/AgNP nanocomposites emphasized their action for the complete destruction of mycelia within 24 h. The orange ( fruit coatings, with nanomaterial-based ECs, were highly effectual for preventing blue mold development and preserved fruits for >14 days without any infestation signs; when the control infected fruits were fully covered with blue mold, the infestation remarks covered 12.4%, 5.2%, and 0% of the orange coated with Cht Art/AgNPs and Cht/Art/AgNPs. The constructed Cht/Art/AgNP nanocomposites have potential as effectual biomaterials for protecting citrus fruits from fungal deterioration and preserving their quality.
柑橘类水果是主要的经济和营养作物，采收后有时会受到多种真菌植物病原体的严重侵袭。在本研究中，我们聚焦于洋蓟叶提取物（Art）、Art介导的纳米银（AgNPs）及其与壳聚糖纳米颗粒（Cht）的纳米共轭物形成的潜在抗真菌纳米复合材料的结构，以根除青霉菌并通过基于纳米复合材料的可食用涂层（ECs）在储存期间保存橙子。使用紫外和红外（FTIR）光谱、电子显微镜（TEM和SEM）分析以及动态光散射（DLS）评估对纳米材料的生物合成和共轭进行了验证。Art能够有效地生物合成/包覆平均尺寸为10.35 nm的AgNPs，而Cht的平均尺寸为148.67 nm，其纳米复合材料颗粒的平均直径为203.22 nm。所有纳米材料/复合材料对分离株均表现出强大的抗真菌作用；Cht/Art/AgNP纳米复合材料效果最佳，抑菌圈为31.1 mm，杀菌浓度为17.5 mg/mL，显著超过其他化合物和杀菌剂烯唑醇的活性（分别为24.8 mm和25.0 mg/mL）。用Cht/Art/AgNP纳米复合材料处理的青霉菌丝体的显微镜成像强调了它们在24小时内完全破坏菌丝体的作用。用基于纳米材料的ECs制成的橙子（果实）涂层对于防止青霉发展非常有效，并能使果实保存超过14天而无任何侵染迹象；当对照感染果实完全被青霉覆盖时，用Cht、Art/AgNPs和Cht/Art/AgNPs涂层的橙子侵染率分别为12.4%、5.2%和0%。构建的Cht/Art/AgNP纳米复合材料有潜力作为有效的生物材料，保护柑橘类水果免受真菌变质并保持其品质。
