长期运动干预对心率变异性指标的影响：一项系统的荟萃分析。
The impact of long-term exercise intervention on heart rate variability indices: a systematic meta-analysis.
作者信息
Zhang Wenxin, Bi Siyuan, Luo Lin
机构信息
School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
出版信息
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025 Jun 12;12:1364905. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1364905. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a critical indicator for assessing autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and is closely associated with both cardiovascular and psychological health. Although previous studies have demonstrated that exercise interventions can improve HRV, their effects vary considerably depending on exercise type, intervention characteristics, and individual differences. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of long-term exercise interventions on HRV and to explore potential factors that influence these effects.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase up to November 20, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of long-term exercise interventions on HRV. Studies involving short-term interventions, non-original research, or incomplete data were excluded. Two researchers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. In total, 34 studies involving 1,434 participants were included.
RESULTS
Long-term exercise interventions significantly reduced the LF/HF ratio ( < 0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated that the intervention effects were more pronounced in populations with existing health conditions and in interventions lasting ≥8 weeks. Aerobic training and resistance training demonstrated significant benefits.
CONCLUSION
Long-term exercise interventions significantly reduce the LF/HF ratio and improve ANS balance. These effects, however, are influenced by individual health status, intervention design, and control group conditions. The high heterogeneity among the included studies and limited data on certain intervention characteristics warrant cautious interpretation of the findings. Future research should focus on conducting more high-quality RCTs to validate these results.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero, PROSPERO CRD42024541380.
背景
心率变异性（HRV）是评估自主神经系统（ANS）功能的关键指标，与心血管健康和心理健康密切相关。尽管先前的研究表明运动干预可以改善HRV，但其效果因运动类型、干预特征和个体差异而有很大不同。本荟萃分析旨在评估长期运动干预对HRV的影响，并探索影响这些效果的潜在因素。
方法
截至2024年11月20日，在PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EBSCO、CINAHL、科学网和Embase中进行了系统检索，以确定研究长期运动干预对HRV影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。排除涉及短期干预、非原创研究或数据不完整的研究。两名研究人员独立进行数据提取和质量评估。总共纳入了34项涉及1434名参与者的研究。
结果
长期运动干预显著降低了低频/高频比值（<0.05）。亚组分析表明，在现有健康状况的人群以及持续时间≥8周的干预中，干预效果更为明显。有氧训练和阻力训练显示出显著益处。
结论
长期运动干预显著降低低频/高频比值并改善自主神经系统平衡。然而，这些效果受到个体健康状况、干预设计和对照组条件的影响。纳入研究之间的高度异质性以及某些干预特征的数据有限，使得对研究结果的解释需要谨慎。未来的研究应侧重于开展更多高质量的RCT来验证这些结果。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero，PROSPERO CRD42024541380。
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