Khoshbakht Khalegh, Shakerian Sareh
Department of Community-Based Education of Health Sciences, School of Medical Education and Learning Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2025 May 30;14:197. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1943_23. eCollection 2025.
A monthly breast examination is one of the early diagnostic strategies for detecting breast cancer (BC). This study's primary goal was to investigate the role of phone-based training in encouraging breast self-examination (BSE) in an Iranian population.
This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design in which the experimental and control groups were followed up to assess the effects of a BSE training program. A total of 128 women aged 30-69 referring to comprehensive health centers in Mahabad City (West Azerbaijan Province) were selected using random cluster sampling. Then, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention and the control ( = 64 per group). Data collection tools included a standard BSE questionnaire encompassing the knowledge, attitude, and performance dimensions. The women in the experimental group received phone-based training through social media. Data analysis was performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software using the independent -test, paired -test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence limit.
The results showed that the main between-group effect and the effect of time on knowledge, attitude, and performance were statistically significant. The interactive effect of group × time on knowledge, attitude, and performance was significant, comparing pretest vs. posttest and pretest vs. follow-up ( < 0.001 for both). Multivariate ANCOVA (MANOVA) revealed that the significance level of Wilks' lambda was smaller than 0.01, indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the distribution of the dependent variable (i.e. awareness, attitude, and performance).
Due to the rapid increase in mobile health as an effective tool for health interventions and management, it is necessary for policymakers to pay special attention to it for cancer awareness and screening.
每月进行乳房检查是早期诊断乳腺癌（BC）的策略之一。本研究的主要目的是调查基于电话的培训在鼓励伊朗人群进行乳房自我检查（BSE）方面的作用。
这是一项采用前测-后测设计的准实验研究，对实验组和对照组进行随访，以评估乳房自我检查培训计划的效果。采用随机整群抽样法，选取了128名年龄在30 - 69岁之间、前往大不里士市（西阿塞拜疆省）综合健康中心就诊的女性。然后，将受试者随机分为两组：干预组和对照组（每组64人）。数据收集工具包括一份标准的乳房自我检查问卷，涵盖知识、态度和行为维度。实验组的女性通过社交媒体接受基于电话的培训。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）26版软件进行数据分析，采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验、协方差分析（ANCOVA）和重复测量方差分析（ANOVA），置信水平为95%。
结果表明，组间主要效应以及时间对知识、态度和行为的影响具有统计学意义。组×时间对知识、态度和行为的交互效应显著，比较前测与后测以及前测与随访（两者均P < 0.001）。多变量协方差分析（MANOVA）显示，威尔克斯' lambda的显著性水平小于0.01，表明实验组和对照组在因变量（即意识、态度和行为）的分布方面存在显著差异。
由于移动健康作为健康干预和管理的有效工具迅速发展，政策制定者有必要特别关注它在癌症意识和筛查方面的作用。
