Hanks Lawrence M, Davis Elijah J, McElrath Thomas C, Zou Yunfan, Millar Jocelyn G
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2025 Aug 19;54(4):738-746. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaf066.
Females of most species of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) emit sex pheromones that attract males, and these chemicals can be utilized in monitoring and managing pest species. Here, we conducted dose-response trials with sex attractants of 5 elaterid species native to Illinois. Synthesized attractants were dispensed from polyethylene sachets, with doses of 0 (solvent control), 1, 3.3, and 10 mg. For 2 Gambrinus species, only traps baited with 10 mg doses of limoniic acid captured significantly more beetles than did control traps. However, for another 3 elaterid species, traps baited with 3.3 and 10 mg of attractants captured more beetles than did control traps, including Elater abruptus Say (attractant 5-methylhexyl [Z]-4-decenoate), Melanotus ignobilis Melsheimer (11-dodecenyl butyrate), and Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) (1,8-octanediol dihexanoate). A separate field experiment, that tested 2 types of dispensers loaded with attractants, showed that traps baited with polyethylene sachet dispensers captured significantly more males of E. abruptus and P. attenuatus than did traps baited with rubber septa. We also assessed seasonal and daily activity periods of E. abruptus, M. ignobilis, and P. attenuatus, using attractant-baited panel traps. Flight periods of all 3 species were generally unimodal and confined to the summer months. Diel activity periods, assessed with attractant-baited panel traps fitted with collection jars that rotated at intervals of 1 to 2 h, showed that males of E. abruptus and P. attenuatus were primarily diurnal, flying from early morning through the evening, whereas males of M. ignobilis were nocturnal.
大多数叩头虫科（鞘翅目：叩头虫科）物种的雌性会释放吸引雄性的性信息素，这些化学物质可用于害虫物种的监测和管理。在此，我们对伊利诺伊州本土的5种叩头虫的性引诱剂进行了剂量反应试验。合成引诱剂从聚乙烯小袋中释放，剂量分别为0（溶剂对照）、1、3.3和10毫克。对于2种甘布里努斯属物种，只有用10毫克柠檬酸诱饵的诱捕器捕获的甲虫数量显著多于对照诱捕器。然而，对于另外3种叩头虫物种，用3.3毫克和10毫克引诱剂诱饵的诱捕器捕获的甲虫数量多于对照诱捕器，包括突胸叩头虫（引诱剂为5-甲基己基[Z]-4-癸烯酸酯）、暗黑叩头虫（11-十二碳烯基丁酸酯）和平行细胸叩头虫（1,8-辛二醇二己酸酯）。一项单独的田间试验测试了2种装有引诱剂的分配器，结果表明，用聚乙烯小袋分配器诱饵的诱捕器捕获的突胸叩头虫和平行细胸叩头虫雄性显著多于用橡胶隔膜诱饵的诱捕器。我们还使用引诱剂诱饵面板诱捕器评估了突胸叩头虫、暗黑叩头虫和平行细胸叩头虫的季节性和每日活动期。所有3个物种的飞行期通常为单峰，且局限于夏季月份。用装有每隔1至2小时旋转一次的收集罐的引诱剂诱饵面板诱捕器评估的昼夜活动期表明，突胸叩头虫和平行细胸叩头虫雄性主要在白天活动，从清晨一直飞到傍晚，而暗黑叩头虫雄性则是夜间活动。
