Dept of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Jul;10(5):642-7. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0276. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Fast acceleration is an important performance factor in handball. In addition to traditional sprint training (TST), resisted-sprint training (RST) is a method often used to improve acceleration. However, studies on RST show conflicting results, and underlying mechanisms have not been studied.
To compare the effects of RST, by sled towing, against TST on sprint performance and muscle architecture.
Participants (n=18) were assigned to either RST or TST and completed 2 training sessions of RST or TST per week (10 wk), in addition to their normal team training. Sprint tests (10 and 30 m) and measurements of muscle architecture were performed pre- and posttraining.
Beneficial effects were found in the 30-m-sprint test for both groups (mean; ±90% CL: TST=-0.31; ±0.19 s, RST=-0.16; ±0.13 s), with unclear differences between the groups. Only TST had a beneficial effect on 10-m time (-0.04; ±0.04 s), with a likely difference between the 2 groups (85%, ES=0.60). Both groups had a decrease in pennation angle (-6.0; ±3.3% for TST and -2.8; ±2.0% for RST), which had a nearly perfect correlation with percentage change in 10-m-sprint performance (r=.92). A small increase in fascicle length (5.3; ±3.9% and 4.0; ±2.1% for TST and RST, respectively) was found, with unclear differences between groups.
TST appears to be more effective than RST in enhancing 10-m-sprint time. Both groups showed similar effects in 30-m-sprint time. A similar, yet small, effect of sprint training on muscle architecture was observed in both groups.
比较阻力冲刺训练（RST）和传统冲刺训练（TST）对冲刺表现和肌肉结构的影响。
参与者（n=18）被分配到 RST 或 TST 组，并每周完成 2 次 RST 或 TST 训练（共 10 周），此外还参加正常的团队训练。在训练前后进行冲刺测试（10 米和 30 米）和肌肉结构测量。
两组在 30 米冲刺测试中均有有益的效果（均值；±90%置信区间：TST=-0.31；±0.19 s，RST=-0.16；±0.13 s），但两组之间无明显差异。只有 TST 对 10 米时间有有益的影响（-0.04；±0.04 s），两组之间存在可能的差异（85%，ES=0.60）。两组的肌束角均减小（TST 为-6.0；±3.3%，RST 为-2.8；±2.0%），与 10 米冲刺表现百分比变化有近乎完美的相关性（r=.92）。还发现肌节长度略有增加（TST 和 RST 分别为 5.3；±3.9%和 4.0；±2.1%），但两组之间无明显差异。
TST 似乎比 RST 更能有效提高 10 米冲刺时间。两组在 30 米冲刺时间上均显示出相似的效果。两组的冲刺训练对肌肉结构的影响相似，但较小。
