Macías-Toronjo Israel, García-Iglesias Juan Jesús, Gómez-Salgado Juan, López-López Daniel, Fagundo-Rivera Javier, Ruiz-Frutos Carlos
Departamento de Rehabilitación, FREMAP Huelva, Huelva, España.
Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, España.
Aten Primaria. 2025 Jun 27;57(11):103324. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2025.103324.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of specific exercise programs on pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in a workplace setting through the assessment of randomized controlled trials.
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format.
Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched between November 2024 and January 2025.
A total of 24 studies were included in this review, assessed for methodological quality using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).
Specific physical activity targeting the cervical area, shoulders, and upper limbs was found to be effective in preventing pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in workplace contexts, particularly with strength and toning programs. Additionally, specific exercise programs targeting the lumbar region may have a positive preventive effect and could help manage symptoms in workers with non-specific low back pain. Global programs aimed at preventing musculoskeletal disorders generally showed good results for managing musculoskeletal pain.
The inclusion of specific exercise and physical activity programs in exposed populations has positive outcomes on pain and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.
Overall, the findings suggest that implementing targeted exercise programs can significantly benefit workers by reducing pain and preventing musculoskeletal issues.
本研究旨在通过对随机对照试验的评估，在工作场所环境中评估特定锻炼计划对疼痛及肌肉骨骼疾病发生情况的有效性。
按照PRISMA格式进行系统综述。
在2024年11月至2025年1月期间检索了包括PubMed、Scopus、科学网和ScienceDirect在内的电子数据库。
本综述共纳入24项研究，使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）的批判性评估工具对方法学质量进行评估。
发现针对颈部、肩部和上肢的特定体育活动在工作场所环境中对预防疼痛及肌肉骨骼疾病的发生有效，尤其是力量和塑形计划。此外，针对腰椎区域的特定锻炼计划可能具有积极的预防作用，并有助于管理非特异性下背痛工人的症状。旨在预防肌肉骨骼疾病的综合计划在管理肌肉骨骼疼痛方面总体显示出良好效果。
在暴露人群中纳入特定锻炼和体育活动计划对疼痛及肌肉骨骼疾病的发生具有积极影响。
总体而言，研究结果表明实施有针对性的锻炼计划可通过减轻疼痛和预防肌肉骨骼问题使工人显著受益。
