Feng Shouming, Guo Xinya, Zhang Xingqi, Zhang Zhenke
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of African Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of African Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, 030619, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Aug;390:126316. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126316. Epub 2025 Jun 27.
Drought is a major challenge for the Tibetan Plateau (TP), severely affecting ecosystem services (ESs). Quantifying the impacts of drought on vital ESs, such as soil retention and water conservation, is essential for understanding and addressing extreme weather events. This study evaluated the ESs by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and water balance method, and assessed the drought using the probability distribution method. The impacts of drought on ESs at multi-time scales within the TP ecosystem are investigated by examining the relationship between the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Z-scored soil retention (SR) and water conservation (WC) services. The results indicated that the transition from wet to dry conditions reduced the ESs, with SR and WC decreasing by an average of 1.45 and 1.37 standard deviations, respectively. Hydrological drought (represented by SPEI6) had stronger impacts on soil retention services, while meteorological drought (represented by SPEI1) more significantly affected water conservation services. Trend analysis revealed strong correlations between ESs and drought conditions across the TP. ESs in the eastern and western humid regions remained relatively stable, whereas those in the central and southern regions underwent continuous degradation. Overall, drought not only diminished ESs but also destabilized the TP ecosystem. Therefore, it is vital to strengthen the restoration and protection of the ecosystem in this region to mitigate the adverse effects of drought.
干旱是青藏高原面临的重大挑战，严重影响生态系统服务。量化干旱对诸如土壤保持和水源涵养等关键生态系统服务的影响，对于理解和应对极端天气事件至关重要。本研究采用修订的通用土壤流失方程和水平衡方法评估生态系统服务，并使用概率分布方法评估干旱情况。通过研究标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）与标准化土壤保持（SR）和水源涵养（WC）服务之间的关系，探讨了干旱对青藏高原生态系统内多时间尺度生态系统服务的影响。结果表明，从湿润到干旱条件的转变降低了生态系统服务，土壤保持和水源涵养分别平均下降了1.45和1.37个标准差。水文干旱（以SPEI6表示）对土壤保持服务的影响更强，而气象干旱（以SPEI1表示）对水源涵养服务的影响更为显著。趋势分析表明，整个青藏高原的生态系统服务与干旱状况之间存在很强的相关性。东部和西部湿润地区的生态系统服务相对稳定，而中部和南部地区的生态系统服务则持续退化。总体而言，干旱不仅减少了生态系统服务，还使青藏高原生态系统不稳定。因此，加强该地区生态系统的恢复和保护以减轻干旱的不利影响至关重要。
