Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 25 positively regulates the lead tolerance in .

, an important root vegetable native to China, is widely cultivated for its nutritional value and diverse applications. However, it is highly sensitive to lead (Pb) stress, with Pb predominantly accumulating in the roots. Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) in plant responses to heavy metal stress. Despite this, a comprehensive identification, molecular characterization, and functional analysis of the gene family in has been lacking. In this study, 28 genes were identified in . Gene structure analysis revealed the presence of eight conserved motifs, along with variations in exon-intron organization and chromosomal distribution across all chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of genes from , and grouped them into five distinct clades, suggesting their evolutionary conservation and potential functional diversification. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis showed that was strongly induced by Pb stress. Transgenic hairy roots overexpressing exhibited enhanced Pb tolerance, evidenced by reduced chlorosis, increased fresh weight, improved photosynthetic performance, and lower oxidative damage under Pb stress. Furthermore, several transcription factors, such as RsERF2, RsHD-ZIP22, and etc., exhibited strong positive correlations with , implying their roles in regulating Pb-induced expression. Overall, this study provides insights into the gene family in and highlights their critical roles in Pb stress response.