Ramadan Mariam, Fadel Abdulmannan, Bahi Abir, Alajlani Sedra, Al Neyadi Mahra Saeed Salem, Alshamsi Eiman Subaie Hamdan, Naser Sana, Shahbaz Hafiz Muhammad, Samuel Rita, Ranneh Yazan
Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Al Ain UAE.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jun 27;13(7):e70315. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70315. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) pose a significant environmental burden for coffee-producing industries due to the large quantities generated during coffee brewing. However, SCGs also represent an underexplored and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, particularly chlorogenic acid (CGA), known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This systematic review evaluates and compares various conventional and non-conventional extraction methods for CGA from SCGs, assessing their efficacy in terms of extraction yield, environmental impact, cost-efficiency, and processing time, factors often overlooked in earlier studies. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) emerged as the most effective technique, yielding the highest quantity of CGA (587.7 ± 46.6 mg/g), using ethanol as a solvent with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30. UAE was also identified as the most environmentally friendly technique. In contrast, conventional solvent extraction (CSE) provided a moderate CGA yield (39.5 ± 2.1 mg/g) using water as a solvent and was the most cost-efficient technique. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) offered the fastest extraction time with a CGA yield of 84 ± 2.8 mg/g. By integrating technical performance with sustainability considerations, this study offers new insights into the optimization of SCG valorization. Furthermore, it supports the advancement of circular bioeconomy strategies through the efficient recovery of high-value bioactive compounds.
咖啡冲泡过程中会产生大量的咖啡渣（SCGs），这给咖啡生产行业带来了巨大的环境负担。然而，咖啡渣也是一种尚未得到充分探索的可持续生物活性化合物来源，尤其是绿原酸（CGA），它以其抗氧化、抗炎和抗菌特性而闻名。本系统综述评估并比较了从咖啡渣中提取绿原酸的各种传统和非传统提取方法，从提取率、环境影响、成本效益和处理时间等方面评估了它们的效果，而这些因素在早期研究中常常被忽视。超声辅助提取（UAE）被证明是最有效的技术，以乙醇为溶剂，固液比为1:30时，绿原酸产量最高（587.7±46.6毫克/克）。UAE也被认为是最环保的技术。相比之下，传统溶剂提取（CSE）以水为溶剂时绿原酸产量适中（39.5±2.1毫克/克），是最具成本效益的技术。微波辅助提取（MAE）提取时间最快，绿原酸产量为84±2.8毫克/克。通过将技术性能与可持续性考虑相结合，本研究为咖啡渣增值优化提供了新的见解。此外，它通过高效回收高价值生物活性化合物，支持循环生物经济战略的推进。
