Hussain Muhammad Dilshad, Farooq Tahir, Datt Nitesh, Li Jingwei, Kamran Ali, Sukal Amit, Santosa Adyatma Irawan, Wang Yong, Chen XiangRu
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China, Guangzhou, China, 510640;
Plant Dis. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-25-0930-SC.
A quite prevalent cryptic tomato yellow stunt disease (ToYSD) has recently emerged, caused by mixed infection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), southern tomato virus (STV), tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV). However, the pathological and epidemiological impact of mixed-viral infections-synergistic and/or antagonistic combinations-has rarely been investigated until recently. In this study, we report ToYSD with its associated viruses by small RNA sequencing of the 9 pooled tomato samples collected from China, Pakistan, and Fiji. TYLCV, ToCV, TICV, ToBRFV, and STV were found exclusively in all samples. Further, these viruses were also detected through RT-PCR assays from each tomato sample, showing the symptoms of ToYSD. In addition, seeds from these virus-infected plants were collected and sown in the glasshouse. ToBRFV was also mechanically inoculated into resulting seedlings, and viruliferous whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) were collected from ToYSD symptomatic plants and released on these seedlings. Eventually, these plants developed symptoms of ToYSD, and RT-PCR assays confirmed the presence of TYLCV, ToCV, TICV, ToBRFV, and STV in leaf samples of these symptomatic plants. Subsequently, seed-borne viruses (TYLCV, ToBRFV, and STV) were also detected from the seed samples of these plants having mixed infection and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The corresponding full-length genomes were assembled and submitted to GenBank® (NCBI). The genetic diversities of these viruses were variable and, in some cases, comparable to that of global isolates of the same species. Consequently, the synergistic interactions and observed genetic variability among TYLCV, ToCV, TICV, ToBRFV, and STV, which collectively cause ToYSD, provide a solid foundation for further investigation into virus ecology, disease epidemiology, and their cumulative effect on tomato production.
一种相当普遍的隐匿性番茄黄化矮缩病（ToYSD）最近出现了，它是由番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）、番茄褪绿病毒（ToCV）、南方番茄病毒（STV）、番茄褐色皱果病毒（ToBRFV）和番茄传染性褪绿病毒（TICV）混合感染引起的。然而，直到最近，混合病毒感染（协同和/或拮抗组合）的病理和流行病学影响很少被研究。在本研究中，我们通过对从中国、巴基斯坦和斐济收集的9个混合番茄样本进行小RNA测序，报告了ToYSD及其相关病毒。在所有样本中均仅发现了TYLCV、ToCV、TICV、ToBRFV和STV。此外，还通过RT-PCR检测从每个出现ToYSD症状的番茄样本中检测到了这些病毒。此外，收集了这些病毒感染植物的种子并在温室中播种。还将ToBRFV机械接种到长出的幼苗中，并从出现ToYSD症状的植物中收集带毒粉虱（烟粉虱）并释放到这些幼苗上。最终，这些植物出现了ToYSD症状，RT-PCR检测证实这些有症状植物的叶片样本中存在TYLCV、ToCV、TICV、ToBRFV和STV。随后，还从这些混合感染植物的种子样本中检测到种传病毒（TYLCV、ToBRFV和STV），并通过桑格测序进行了确认验证。相应的全长基因组被组装并提交到GenBank®（NCBI）。这些病毒的遗传多样性各不相同，在某些情况下，与同一物种的全球分离株相当。因此，共同导致ToYSD的TYLCV, ToCV, TICV, ToBRFV和STV之间的协同相互作用和观察到的遗传变异性，为进一步研究病毒生态学、疾病流行病学及其对番茄生产的累积影响提供了坚实的基础。
