Krawczyk Krzysztof, Rybaczek Dorota, Locht Camille, Pyrzanowska-Banasiak Agata, Ciołek Martyna, Sicinska Paulina, Rachubik Michalina, Kowalewicz-Kulbat Magdalena
Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07365-z.
Halophilic archaea are a group distinct from Bacteria and Eukarya, which belong to extremophiles living in highly saline environments. However, they can also exist in the human microbiome. Their impact on the human immune system is poorly known. In this study we examined the interaction of Halorhabdus rudnickae WSM-64, isolated from the Barycz area of the Wieliczka Salt-Mine in Poland, and of Natrinema salaciae MDB25 from the brine of Lake Medee in Italy, with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). We found that these halophilic archaea invade the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Mo-DCs, but, in contrast to intracellular bacterial pathogens, they do not cause cytotoxic effects on DCs, as no single- or double-stranded DNA breaks (SSB and DSB, respectively), nor chromatin aberrations were noted. Moreover, they did not induce cell cycle alterations, apoptosis or necrosis of DCs. Surprisingly, these halophiles were found to protect against genotoxic activities of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), as pre-incubation of the Mo-DCs with the halophilic archaea significantly reduced SEB-induced SSB and DSB, as well as cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis. Therefore, these halophilic archaea can be regarded as safe stimulators for the Mo-DCs to potentially be used as immunomodulators and protective agents for various disorders.
嗜盐古菌是一类与细菌和真核生物不同的生物，属于生活在高盐环境中的极端嗜盐菌。然而，它们也可以存在于人类微生物群中。它们对人类免疫系统的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们检测了从波兰维利奇卡盐矿的巴里茨地区分离出的鲁德尼克嗜盐杆菌WSM - 64以及从意大利梅代湖盐水中分离出的萨氏嗜盐嗜盐碱杆菌MDB25与人类单核细胞衍生树突状细胞（Mo - DCs）的相互作用。我们发现这些嗜盐古菌侵入Mo - DCs的细胞质和细胞核，但与细胞内细菌病原体不同的是，它们不会对DCs产生细胞毒性作用，因为未观察到单链或双链DNA断裂（分别为SSB和DSB），也未发现染色质畸变。此外，它们不会诱导DCs的细胞周期改变、凋亡或坏死。令人惊讶的是，发现这些嗜盐菌可抵御金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B（SEB）的基因毒性作用，因为用嗜盐古菌对Mo - DCs进行预孵育可显著降低SEB诱导的SSB和DSB，以及细胞周期紊乱和凋亡。因此，这些嗜盐古菌可被视为Mo - DCs的安全刺激物，有可能用作各种疾病的免疫调节剂和保护剂。
