He Zhenfang, Guo Qingchun, Yin Zhaoxin, Luo XinPing, Sun Miaomiao
School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China.
Institute of Huanghe Studies, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):22101. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06084-9.
Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan (BTHSH) represent a major urban and economic hub in China, with significant implications for environmental protection. This study utilizes the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) derived from Landsat imagery, with data spanning from 1985 to 2020 at five-year intervals, to evaluate spatiotemporal variations in eco-environmental quality across different phases of urbanization. The Geographical Detector, integrating natural, socio-economic, and nighttime light data, was used to analyze the driving factors and their interactions. Results indicate a general decline in areas with moderate to excellent eco-environment quality, from 90.44% in 1985 to 83.06% in 2020. Urbanization and socio-economic factors have increasingly influenced environmental degradation, particularly in coastal cities. The spatial distribution of eco-environmental quality became more directional after 2011, with a marked decrease in spatial autocorrelation. The predicted improvement regions in eco-environmental quality, based on the combination of the Theil-Sen and Hurst index methods, corresponds to an area percentage of 16.48% in Beijing, 12.6% in Tianjin, 13.08% in Shandong, 22.09% in Hebei, and 23.93% in Henan, respectively. During the rapid urbanization phase (1985-2010), the primary drivers of eco-environmental quality evolution were natural factors. However, in the quality development phase (2010-2020), the interaction between natural factors and socio-economic factors increasingly influenced eco-environmental quality. Identifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of eco-environmental quality distribution and its driving factors across different stages of urbanization is of significant theoretical and practical importance for enhancing the ability of urban ecosystems to respond to urbanization risks and achieve sustainable development.
北京、天津、河北、山东和河南（BTHSH）是中国主要的城市和经济中心，对环境保护具有重大影响。本研究利用从Landsat影像中提取的遥感生态指数（RSEI），数据跨度为1985年至2020年，间隔为五年，以评估城市化不同阶段生态环境质量的时空变化。运用地理探测器，结合自然、社会经济和夜间灯光数据，分析驱动因素及其相互作用。结果表明，生态环境质量中等至优良的区域总体呈下降趋势，从1985年的90.44%降至2020年的83.06%。城市化和社会经济因素对环境退化的影响日益增大，尤其是在沿海城市。2011年后，生态环境质量的空间分布变得更具方向性，空间自相关性显著降低。基于Theil-Sen和Hurst指数方法相结合预测的生态环境质量改善区域，在北京、天津、山东、河北和河南的面积占比分别为16.48%、12.6%、13.08%、22.09%和23.93%。在快速城市化阶段（1985 - 2010年），生态环境质量演变的主要驱动因素是自然因素。然而，在质量发展阶段（2010 - 2020年），自然因素与社会经济因素之间的相互作用对生态环境质量的影响日益增大。识别城市化不同阶段生态环境质量分布的时空异质性及其驱动因素，对于增强城市生态系统应对城市化风险的能力和实现可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。
