Zhang Yuanyuan, Kong HaSung, Hao Ruixuan, Xu Qin, Zhao Long
School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China.
Department of Fire Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21418. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07476-7.
The iron sulfide compound FeS, present in petrochemical plants, is prone to spontaneous combustion when exposed to air, posing a significant threat to the safety of production processes in the petrochemical industry. Accurately assessing the spontaneous combustion tendency of FeS is crucial for preventing fire and explosion hazards in petrochemical storage tanks. In this study, FeS was passivated with 3%, 6%, and 9% concentrations of passivator for 2 to 8 h, and the effects of gas-phase passivation on FeS were investigated. Thermodynamic and pore structure parameters were extracted through simultaneous thermal analysis and BET specific surface area measurement experiments. The entropy-weight TOPSIS method was then used to evaluate the passivated samples and determine the optimal passivation conditions. The results show that the entropy-weight method assigns dominant weights to the duration temperature in the room-temperature spontaneous combustion stage (ΔT, 10.2%) and the activation energy in the high-temperature combustion stage (E, 9.3%), indicating that the thermodynamic suppression effect, driven by the passivation mechanism, plays a more significant role than the changes in the microstructure. TOPSIS analysis reveals that the FeS sample passivated for 8 h with a 9% passivator concentration has the lowest spontaneous combustion tendency (composite score of 0.743), while the highest risk is associated with the sample passivated for 2 h with a 3% concentration (composite score of 0.341). The passivator concentration is positively correlated with inhibition efficiency, and selecting a gas-phase passivator concentration between 6% and 9%, with a passivation time of over 4 h, ensures higher safety and superior passivation effectiveness.
存在于石油化工厂中的硫化铁化合物FeS，暴露于空气中时易于自燃，对石油化工行业生产过程的安全构成重大威胁。准确评估FeS的自燃倾向对于预防石油化工储罐中的火灾和爆炸危险至关重要。在本研究中，用浓度为3%、6%和9%的钝化剂对FeS进行2至8小时的钝化处理，并研究气相钝化对FeS的影响。通过同步热分析和BET比表面积测量实验提取热力学和孔隙结构参数。然后使用熵权TOPSIS法对钝化后的样品进行评估并确定最佳钝化条件。结果表明，熵权法在室温自燃阶段（ΔT，10.2%）的持续温度和高温燃烧阶段（E，9.3%）的活化能上赋予了主导权重，表明由钝化机制驱动的热力学抑制作用比微观结构的变化起更重要的作用。TOPSIS分析表明，用9%钝化剂浓度钝化8小时的FeS样品自燃倾向最低（综合评分为0.743），而风险最高的是用3%浓度钝化2小时的样品（综合评分为0.341）。钝化剂浓度与抑制效率呈正相关，选择6%至9%的气相钝化剂浓度，钝化时间超过4小时，可确保更高的安全性和更优异的钝化效果。
