Yessef Mourad, Benbouhenni Habib, Lagrioui Ahmed, Bizon Nicu, Bossoufi Badre, Al-Gahtani Saad F, Elbarbary Z M S
LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fes, Morocco.
LAAS laboratory, National Polytechnic School of Oran-Maurice Audin, Bp 1523 EL M'naouer, Oran, Algeria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22846. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05874-5.
The Super-Twisting Control (STC) is a prominent nonlinear control method that operates independently of the mathematical model of the wind energy conversion system. This method is often considered a viable option because of its exceptional performance and reliability. Nonetheless, it presents specific constraints, including the requirement for numerous gain parameters and susceptibility to system failures. A more refined solution, termed "Fractional-Order Modified STC" (FOMSTC), is proposed to address these issues. This technique is notable for its straightforwardness, minimal gain parameters, ease of implementation, compatibility with embedded systems, and economic efficiency. The MSTC methodology was implemented in the Direct Power Control (DPC) of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), with the controller calculating the reference voltage values for the inverter of the machine. Alongside FOMSTC, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) was employed to regulate the operation of the inverter. The proposed FOMSTC strategy exhibits simplicity, minimal gain requirements, straightforward implementation in embedded systems, and rapid dynamic response, positioning it as an effective control method. This methodology was utilized in the research to enhance energy quality and reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the system's output currents, all while limiting DFIG power overshoot. The innovative strategy underwent validation via simulation and was subsequently confirmed through Processor-in-the-Loop (PIL) testing to assess its performance in real-time embedded systems. The results were analyzed in relation to traditional control strategies and contemporary research findings. The DPC-FOMSTC strategy showed notable decreases in ripples, overshoot, and steady-state error (SSE) for active power (Ps) by around 78.85%, 69.05%, and 36.84%, respectively, when compared to the conventional DPC method. In a comparable analysis, reductions of 70.90%, 52.63%, and 63.46% were observed in SSE, overshoot, and reactive power (Qs) ripple, respectively, when contrasted with the conventional DPC method.
超扭曲控制（STC）是一种卓越的非线性控制方法，其运行独立于风能转换系统的数学模型。由于其出色的性能和可靠性，该方法常被视为一种可行的选择。尽管如此，它也存在一些特定的限制，包括需要大量增益参数以及易受系统故障影响。为了解决这些问题，提出了一种更为精细的解决方案，即“分数阶修正STC”（FOMSTC）。该技术以其简单性、最少的增益参数、易于实现、与嵌入式系统的兼容性以及经济高效性而著称。MSTC方法应用于双馈感应发电机（DFIG）的直接功率控制（DPC）中，控制器计算电机逆变器的参考电压值。除了FOMSTC之外，还采用了脉宽调制（PWM）来调节逆变器的运行。所提出的FOMSTC策略具有简单性、最少的增益要求、在嵌入式系统中易于实现以及快速的动态响应，使其成为一种有效的控制方法。该方法用于研究中以提高能源质量并降低系统输出电流的总谐波失真（THD），同时限制DFIG功率超调。该创新策略通过仿真进行了验证，随后通过处理器在环（PIL）测试进行了确认，以评估其在实时嵌入式系统中的性能。将结果与传统控制策略和当代研究结果进行了分析比较。与传统DPC方法相比，DPC - FOMSTC策略在有功功率（Ps）的纹波、超调量和稳态误差（SSE）方面分别显著降低了约78.85%、69.05%和36.84%。在类似的分析中，与传统DPC方法相比，在SSE、超调量和无功功率（Qs）纹波方面分别观察到降低了70.90%、52.63%和63.46%。
